HST 102 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture II Seeds of the Progressive Era III Power of Progressiveness IV Part 1 The Sixteenth Amendment a Tax Season b Stuck in Neutral c The Amendment V Part 2 The Seventeenth Amendment a The Senate b Power to the People c The Amendment VI Part 3 The Eighteenth Amendment a Temperance b Temperance as a Woman s Issue c Activisim d Prohibition VII Part 4 The Nineteenth Amendment a The Local Phase b The National Woman s Party c Growing Momentum d Success VIII Part 5 Who and What made Progress a Progressive b Who were they c What does it mean Outline of Current Lecture IX Progressive America X Part 1 a Progressive presidency b Woodrow Wilson c Trouble Across the Sea i The allies and central powers d The Great Hesitation e He Kept us out of war f Or not These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i The Zimmerman telegram XI Part 2 a Raising an army b Doughboys i American expeditionary force c In the trenches XII Part 3 a Home front b Man power and conservation i War industries board ii Lever act c Selling the war i Propaganda ii The four minute men d A great migration e Repression i Espionage act and sedition act XIII Part 4 a Armistice i Treaty of Versailles ii League of Nations b A League of Nations XIV Part 5 a A progressive war b A war on progressivism i Red summer of 1919 XV What does it all mean Current Lecture 2 10 15 A World at War Progressive America o A world of proposed solutions to society s problems o Widespread attitude of political and social reform o Dramatically changing role of the federal gov t o Giving power to the federal gov t seemed like a good idea Part 1 o A Progressive Presidency o In 1912 Americans elect Woodrow Wilson the first southerner since before the civil war Wilson campaigns on a Progressive platform called the New Freedom emphasized economic reform Continues to consolidate executive power Typically was unlikely to take on this role Woodrow Wilson Former university president 2 years his term as Governor of New Jersey Strong credentials as a Progressive reformer Nominated after 46 ballots wins with 42 of the popular vote Not really well liked by the democratic party Didn t really enter popularly No foreign policy experience o Trouble Across the Sea A series of provocations in 1914 destabilized European politics Rapidly escalates to a full blow war The Allies Great Britain France Russia The Central Powers Germany the Austro Hungarian Empire Combat defined by new technologies Chief rivalry is Germany and GB o The Great Hesitation Many Americans want to avoid the war including many Progressives Wilson works to keep the country neutral The US as a mediator Leader of the postwar world order Economically the US gives its support to the Allies Wilson begins a Preparedness program to ready for way by 1915 o He Kept Us Out of War Wilson prefers neutrality and diplomacy German submarines sink the Lusitania in May of 1915 killing 128 Americans Wilson ignores demands to go to war instead pressures Germans to suspend submarine warfare The Germans agree Wins a close election in 1916 in part using the unofficial slogan he kept us out of war o Or not But within months new events plunge the nation into war Germany resumes submarine warfare The Zimmerman Telegram proposing a German Mexican alliance against the US o Saying if the US and Germany go to war Mexico should back up Germany so they can get their land back Wilson asks Congress to declare war in April 1917 Part 2 Over There o Raising an Army Within weeks American involvement beings to shift the balance Naval escorts and campaigns begin to turn the tide American ground troops begin heavy involvement in Spring of 1918 o Doughboys American military had 200 000 in 1917 The American Expeditionary Force grows to 4 5 million 2 mill serve overseas half in combat Underequipped new logistical problems Took nearly a year to get people overseas Many soldiers trained in civilian clothes without rifles no officer had ever commanded that large of a group Insist upon fighting as a separate force not part of the Allied military o In the Trenches American troops are key to 4 major campaigns in 1918 A war of attrition and industrial strength In 6 months of military action 60 000 Americans die in battle 116 000 deaths in total Poor conditions in the trenches A decisive impact in shortening the war Part 3 Over Here o Home Front Mobilization for war reshapes American society rapidly Significant upheaval and transformation Massive new role for the federal gov t o Manpower and Conservation War effort is backed by volunteers and coercion War Industries Board manages production Manage how we move goods encourage industries to be less wasteful Lever Act allows regulation of prices and production for key goods Wilson Administration takes control over the railroads Massive expenditures 2 000 increase in federal budget from 1916 to 1918 o Selling the War Propaganda plays a critical role Committee of Public Info handles selling the war effort Raising money through liberty bonds financing war debt A network of public speakers the Four Minute Men Local citizens who rallied the public and brought vivid stories to the home front o A Great Migration Growing industries and manpower needs spark mass population movements Black Americans leave the South en masse for the first time 400 000 AA migrants head North in 18 months Racial tensions escalate in Northern and Midwestern cities o 100 Americanism A broad campaign against hyphenated Americanism Anti European hysteria Cultural intimidation and repression Vandalism and violence American Protective League unofficial police force with 250 000 members o Investigate neighbors open mail monitor telephones in order to enforce conformity and monitor pro germans o Repression Strong efforts to control dissent and disruption Espionage Act allows censorship of mail Sedition Act criminalizes anti war speech o Eugene Debs is arrested and runs for president within jail cell Part 4 Guide our feet into the Path of Peace o Armistice The war ends in Nov 1918 Wilson personally shapes the outcome but cannot implement much of his agenda Treaty of Versailles is heavily punitive towards Germany Wilson invests much of his energy in creating the League of Nations o A League of Nations Centerpiece of Wilson s effort to prevent future wars An international governing body to