FAMILY: (1) Structure (Comp, Organ.) (2) Tasks (I,B,M,EC; Adp,MS,MG)~ FAMILY THEORIES: (External Control:Developmental, Structural Functionalism, Conflict); (Power of the People: determine own behavior; free will - SocialExchange, Family Systems, Symbolic Interactionism) ~ Adaptive self-regulation: Inputs (enter system – pets, moneyfor resource management, traumatic stress, step parent/baby, change in family membership, nurture, time, energy);Outputs – love, security, bonding, support, learning, abuse, resentment; Feedback – any deviation triggers warningsignals in family; Homeostasis Mechanism (quest for balance); Feedback Loop - When the feedback in a family systemsignals the occurrence of change, the family can respond in ways that suppress or facilitate continued change;Deviation-amplifying (or dampening) F.L. – maintains or increases the change; responses are perceived as desirable.FAMILY IDENTITY: 1. Constructing family themes 2. Socializing family members with respect to biological and socialissues 3. Establishing a satisfactory congruence of images within the family, personal identities, roles. ~ FAMILYTHEMES: Organizing principles; provide a framework for meaning, shape identity, define roles, resource management,goal priorities, emotional climate. ~ FOA'S INTERPERSONA L R ESOURCES: 1. Allocation 2. Exchange; Symbolic-Partic: Psychological resources: status, information, love; Concrete-Univer: Economic resources: services, goods,money; Time; Relationship; Optimum group size; Delay of reward; Giving and receiving; Complexity; ROLE OFRESOURCES: related to family's success; the extent to which the outputs in a family result in the attainment of familyand individual tasks or goals.~ DIFFERENTIATION: the ability of family members to express their own individualityand act autonomously while remaining emotionally connected to others – the manner in which the fam's boundaries,EC, and identity tasks are managed; Family Ledger: generational account system of psychological debts owed. ~Howdo rules emerge? (I.D.N.T.) ~What is the purpose of rules? (M.S.B.P.) ~FAMILY FUNCTION=BALANCE:Stability vs. Change (Adaptability); Separateness vs. Togetherness (Cohesion) Adaptation – how the familyreorganizes its structure in response to internal demands and external social or environmental events. ~How FamiliesUse Rituals and Routines - C.A.H.D.R.F.C. ~COMMUNICATION: 1. Cooperative (A&R, BT) 2. Competitive (Creatingor Maintaining Distance, Demanding Change, Specifying Ownership, Punishment, Seeking Validation, DeclaringMartyrdom) ~ Self-Disclosure/Rule of Reciprocity ~CONNECTION VS. CONTROL IN FAMILY COMMUNICATION: HIERARCHY/EQUALITY VS. CLOSENESS/DISTANCE ~ CONFLICT: Tension between family members that result fromcompeting goals or strategies; Signals a need for readjustment of the patterns of interaction; complicated homeostasis;scarcity of resources; power struggle. DESCRIBE-EXPRESS-SPECIFY-CONSEQUENCES; STRUCTURAL MODEL:Subsystems, Hierarchy, Parentification, Boundaries, Disengaged, Enmeshed, Alliance, Coalition (Cross-Gen),Adaptation, Context. BOWNEN INTERGENERATIONAL: Generational Alliances & Transmission - Focuses on howfamily of origin experiences establish a legacy that impacts: 1. The development of individual family members 2. Thepatterns of adjustment found in subsequent generations of the family ~ Differentiation/Fusion, Triangles, NuclearFam.Emotional System, Family Projection, Emot.Cutoff, Sibling Position, Societal Regression ~ CULTURAL IDENTITY:It is critical to pay attention to the ways in which culture, race, ethnicity, class, SES, and acculturation affect thestrategies that families employ in their efforts to execute the tasks of family life. All families evolve themes which mayreflect the ethnic and cultural heritage of the family. Such ethnic traditions and cultural themes provide the family witha framework of meaning and orientation that may influence the priorities of goals of the family, the values and attitudesof family members, and the strategic manner in which issues such as power, decision-making, intimacy, and child-rearing are managed. ~ Conservatism: Seeks to protect ideas and practices people think are valuable~Liberalism: liberate from practices that are oppressive and undesirable.Culture-Specific Perspective: Emphasis on specific attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and behaviors that characterize members of a particular ethnic or racial group; Strengths: Provides valuable information about differences between ethnic groups – allows for comparison; develops sensitivity to these cultural differences; Weaknesses: Ignores variations that exist even among families of a particular ethnic group; assumes homogeneity among all members of an ethnic group. ~ Multidimensional Perspective: Examines cultural diversity beyond racial and ethnic parameters; takes into account many sub-cultural influences and varieties of contexts that shape peoples' lives; religion, sexual orientation, SES, gender, life stage; setting language, nationality, education, occupation, politics, stage of acculturation. Strengths: Emphasizes the uniqueness of each family system and the need to assess each family's "ecological fit" within its own broader context; Weaknesses: This definition of cultural diversity makes generalization from the individual family to other similar families more difficult. ~ RELATIONSHIP QUALITY: Satisfaction, Happiness, Adjustment, Stability ~ ROM. MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES: Positivity, Openness, Assurances, Social Networks, Sharing Tasks, Talk, Mediated Communication, Joint Activities ~ STEPFAMILY SUCCESS: Realistic expectations; Recognize the value of relationship-building; Establish new rituals and routines; Allow for losses to be mourned; Sensitivity to children's emotions; Strong couple relationship; Satisfactory step-relationships have formed; Separate households cooperate ~ TRANSITION TO PARENTHOOD FACTORS : 1.Desire to be a parent 2. Anticipate socialization or training 3. Clarity of role demands 4. Support available while making this transition ~ Determinants of Parenting Style: Parent’s personal psychological resources; Unique characteristics of the child;