BIOL 2002C 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 12 Chapter 15 Special Senses What type of neurons are olfactory neurons Bipolar What are the 5 basic tastants Umami Savory Salty Sour Sweet Bitter What is the path of sound External ear tympanic membrane auditory ossicles food plate of stapes oval window cochlea What is the path of light Cornea aqueous humor pupil lens vitreous humor optic nerve ganglion cells bi polar cells photo receptor cells What are the 3 components of the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea Scala Vestibula Scala Tympani Scala Media Cochlear Duct How does the stimulus for olfaction and gustation alter the membrane Depolarization To which lobes of the cerebrum to the olfactory neurons project Frontal which contains the medial and intermediate olfactory areas and Temporal which has the olfactory cortex Where are the highest pitched sounds perceived At the base of the cochlea The vestibule and semicircular canals are for which types of equilibrium Vestibule static and linear acceleration Semicircular canals Dynamic How do we see in 3 D Contrast and overlapping of visual fields in binocular vision What is responsible for vision in dim lighting and what is responsible for color vision Rods and Cones respectively Chapter 17 Functional Organization of the Endocrine System What are the 4 types of chemical messengers Autocrine Paracrine Endocrine Neurotransmitter What are the 3 General characteristics of Hormones Stability Communication Distribution What is down regulation and how does it take place The decrease in the number of receptors which decreases its ability to respond it takes place through endocytosis in which the cell takes the receptors into itself and breaks them down What are the 2 types of hormone receptors and which type of soluble hormones are related with each type Membrane bound which is associated with water soluble hormones and nuclear receptors which is associated with lipid soluble hormones Which provides the faster response the nervous system or the endocrine system Nervous system What are the 3 stimulatory inhibitory influences on hormone secretion Humoral Neural Hormonal What type of hormones are associated with being bound to globulins and utilizing nuclear receptors Lipid soluble hormones Chapter 18 Endocrine Glands What are the 3 main patterns of hormone secretion Chronic Acute Episodic What are the 2 mechanisms by which hormone levels in the blood are regulated and which is the most common Positive and Negative Feedback Negative is the most common Where is the pituitary gland located The sella turcia of the sphenoid bone What other hormones influence the secretion of TH TRH and TSH Where do tropic hormones come from The anterior pituitary Describe the conditions resulting from hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism too little thyroid hormone decreased metabolism weight gain myxedema Hyperthyroidism too much thyroid hormone increased metabolism weight loss exophthalmos What are the two parts of the adrenal gland And what is their embryological origin Adrenal Cortex from the Mesoderm and the Adrenal Medulla from the Ectoderm What gland influences the immune system regulation Thymus which releases the hormone Thymosin Where is the location of the Pancreas Along the small intestines and stomach retroperitoneal What is the function of the pineal gland and the hormone it secretes Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and it responds to the photoperiod and helps to determine the sleep wake cycle Know the hormones that come from specific glands and their functions