BIOL 2002C 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I Continuation of Chapter 17 Functional Organization of the Endocrine System Outline of Current Lecture I Chapter 17 Functional Organization of the Endocrine System II Endocrine Glands Current Lecture Chapter 17 Functional Organization of the Endocrine System 1 Name the 2 types of hormone receptor and specify which chemical type of hormone binds to each of them Explain the mechanism of action for the 2 types of receptors Fig 17 12 a Nuclear receptors lipid soluble Makes mRNA protein synthesis b Membrane bound receptors water soluble Adenylate cyclase activates 2nd messenger cAMP activates protein kinase 2 Explain the two ways membrane bound receptors activate cellular responses a alter activity of G proteins b directly alter activity of Intercellular enzymes OR phosphorylate intercellular enzymes 3 Name the 3 ways by which G protein activation produces an intracellular response to a hormone binding to a membrane bound receptor Table 17 3 a Fig 17 14 Adenylate Cyclase ex LH FSH Receptor G Protein Adenylate cyclase cAMP secondary messenger protein kinase b Fig 17 15 Synthesis of DAG and IP3 for calmodulin ex Epinephrine c Fig 17 16 Open ion channels such as Ca 2 to bind to calmodulin for smooth muscle contraction ex Epinephrine These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 16 Define amplification and explain how despite small hormone concentrations water soluble hormones can cause rapid responses Fig 17 19 Often produce rapid responses Influence already existing enzymes Cause a cascade effect Can cause a few molecules to affect the activities of many enzymes This is how water soluble hormones work Chapter 18 Endocrine Glands 2 Describe the location and structure of the pituitary gland Fig 18 1 The sella turcia of the sphenoid bone it is where the nervous and endocrine systems interact 3 Describe how the hypothalamus regulates hormone secretion from the pituitary gland 4 Releases hormone that act on the anterior pituitary gland Neurohormones Regulates through blood system called Hypothalamohypophysial portal system List the hormones produced by the hypothalamus their structural type target tissues and responses Table 18 1 a GHRH Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone increased secretion of GH Growth Hormone b GHIH Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone decreased secretion of GH c TRH Thyroid Releasing Hormone increased secretion of Thyroid Secreting Hormone TSH d CRH Increases secretion of ACTH e GnRH Increases secretions of Luteinizing Hormone LH and Follicle Stimulating Hormone FSH f PRH PIH Prolactin Releasing Hormone Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone increase and decrease Prolactin secretion respectively 5 Explain the nature of a tropic hormone 6 Controls the growth of a target tissue Stimulates the secretion of other hormones from target tissues Describe the conditions that result from over and under secretion of pituitary hormones Over secretion Gigantism growth before growth plates close Acromegaly growth after growth plates close Under secretion dwarfism 8 Describe the structure of the thyroid gland Fig 18 8 9 2 large sides connected by the isthmus Located below larynx in front of the trachea Briefly explain the processes for the synthesis secretion and blood transport of T3 and T4 Needs the element Iodine and the amino acid Tyrosine Is lipid soluble and has a long half life It is usually bound to Thyroidbind Globulin TBG to be transported in the blood and extend it s Half life 10 Describe the mechanism of action and the effects of T3 and T4 in the body Nuclear receptors Two effects are increased activity of Sodium Potassium Pump with heat as a by product and increased in numbers of the organelle mitochondria 11 Relate how thyroid hormone secretion is regulated Negative feedback on the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary gland