MUH 214 1st EditionLecture 5Origins; Back to AfricaRoots-1619 1st record of Africans in colonies.-Active slave trade period in U.S. 1619-1860.-Earliest arrivals indentured servants.-Slavery codified in 1660’s, fully operational by 1700.-Arrived by ship in small groups called parcels.-Primarily from West Coast of Africa- Gold Coat- Ivory Coast- Slave Coast- Tribes; Ashanti, Dahomey, Yoruba, Benin, Mandingo, GambiaTribal Life in Africa-Political organization-Highly organized with kings, governors, noblemen-Loose knit clans, tribes-Music was functional - Served a distinct purpose- Integrated with all aspects of society- Integrated with dance and speech- Chant, speech, and song combinedOral tradition-Passed from one generation to the nextThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Griots- tribe historian-Jillikea- singing men-Musicians held in high esteem -Included Master Musicians, singers, instrumentals.Role of music-Music was communal (participatory)-Extensive use of imagery and figures of speech in text-Song texts reflected personal or community concerns-Story telling- Morality- Praise of gods, ancestors, spirits- Trickster tales- EntertainmentCelebrations-Ceremonial music for festivals-Installation of royalty-Reenacting history of tribe-Resolving disputes-Hunting/Planting/Harvest/Livestock/War-Religious rites-Life events- Birth- Marriage- Fertility- Coming of age- DeathInstruments-Membranophones- drums- Most sacred, royal instrument-Aerophones- wind instruments- Flutes, panpipe, horns, trumpets-Chordophones- strings- Lute, fiddle, banjo, harp, lyre, zither-Idiophones- non-drum sound producers- Bells, rattles, xylophone (balafou), thumb piano (mbira), castenets. The Transition-Middle passage - First Africans in America (1619)-Slave traders-Assimilation - Process of one culture absorbed into another-Acculturation - Modification of culture after contact with another-Cross fertilization - Melding of cultures with influences of both evident-Cultural Memory - Using memory to recreate things from previous