MUH 214 1st Edition Lecture 7Black Music in Early America; Learning the Language (continued)Early Black Church-Started as secret meetings in woods-1st institution controlled by blacks-Provided community activities-Development of Talent- Singing Schools- Talent Showcase-Raised Money-Separate Congregations- Baptists*1788*Savanah, GA*Andrew Bryant*George Leile- Methodists*1787*Baltimore, MD*Richard Allen*Daniel Cooke*By 1800 20% of black Methodists membership -African Methodist Episcopal- Evolved from free African society- Created due to discriminatory practices in Methodist church (segregated seating)- Founded in 1787 by Richard Allen, AbsalomJones- Filed lawsuit to validate their existence- Primarily in northeast and Midwest pre civil warThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Zion Chapel-African Episcopal Church- AbsalomJones-African Methodist Episcopal Zion- Founded in 1800 in NYC- Initially ministers were white- Initially part of Methodist episcopal church- Ministers were black in 1820Richard Allen Hymnal-1st hymnal designed for all black church-Included Dr. Watts hymns-John Wesley hymns-54 hymn texts-No melodies -Same tune used for different hymns-Used “wandering refrain”Camp Meetings-Second Awakening (1800-1820)- Mission to save souls, but maintain slave master control-1st one held in Logan County, KY 1800-Tabernacle – tent revival-Self composed songs-Development of autonomous performance style-Songs used lines from- Prayers- Scripture- Orthodox Hymns- Melodies secular tunes used for jubilee dancing- Use of choruses/refrains- Improvised texts on everyday experienceCelebrations1. ‘Lection Day – New England- Rare opportunity to gather in groups- Often celebrated after planting or harvesting season- Costumes- Parade/Dances- Election of Royalty a la Mardi Gras2. Pinkster Day – Dutch Colonies- Celebrations of Pentecost- Music and dancing by slaves encouraged- Work holiday- Provided contact with family and friends from other locations3. Militia Day- Celebration of battle of Lexington/Concord at start of Revolutionary War- Home celebrations of “Freedom” for slaves4. Johnny Conny Festival – Mid Atlantic States- During Christmas season with costumes, head dresses5. Public Slave Dances- Typically allowed only on Sundays or holidays6. Jubilees- Celebration of potential for freeing of slaves as in Levitieus in Bible 7. Congo Square- New Orleans- Slave dancing and drumming allowed- Typically on Sundays- Allowed for preservation of African polyrhythms8. Voodoo – Louisiana- Worship of deities through singing, dancing, spirit possession9. Plantation Entertainment- Talented slaves entertained master’s guests- Extensive use of fiddle and banjo- Accompanied balls and dance as well- Hiring Out system – skilled/talented slaves rented to other ownersSecular Music-Amount limited due to religious attitudes-Patting Juba- Rhythmic body percussion using hands, feet, thighs- Very much like hambone- Typically performed in circle- Used to accompany singing and dancing- Often accompanied by Rhythm sticks/ bones-Social entertainment primarily dancing- Use of fiddle and banjo- Presence of master musician- Slaves valued for musical ability-Dance Music- Dancing was social entertainment- Dance music primary form of instrumental music- Accompaniment provided by fiddle and banjo- Common Dances*Quadrille – Stylized 4 couple dance, precursor to square dancing*Jigs - Lively folk dance that includes hops and slaps*Cotillion – Elaborate couple dance like quadrille, but with more partner exchange*Bamboula – Racy, mating dance-Band Music- Frank Johnson*1st black to publish sheet music*1st black to conduct band concerts*1st to do integrated concerts*1st to tour Europe-Theatre Music- Centered in New York- African Grove Theater*1st black theater*Founded in 1821 by Free African Americans*William Alexander Brown/ James Hewlett*Audiences primarily Black*Segregated Seating for whites*Shut down after 3 years due to “undesirable” activity*Most successful of several attempts to create black