GC 170 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I Quantifying Global Change a Global Change science II Time Plot Series a Describing a time plot Outline of Current Lecture II Greenhouse gases A Definition of greenhouse gases B The sun C Goldilocks principle a The earth is the perfect location CO2 III Electromagnetic radiation a Wavelength b Frequency c Electromagnetic Spectrum IV Forms of Energy a Definition of energy b Potential c Kinetic d Thermal e Electromagnetic V Flux a Definition of Flux Current Lecture I Greenhouse gases a Def Gases in the lower atmosphere that trap outgoing longwave radiation b The sun is a heat source 1 Emits shortwave radiation ii Heating the earth 1 Electromagnetic radiation a Transmitted as waves and particle streams i Electric and Magnetic properties ii Speed of light 2 iii Earth sun relationships flux and inverse distance law iv Reflectivity of the earth surface albedo energy budget These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II 1 After test 1 v Greenhouse effect greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere c The Goldilocks Principle i We are the only habitable planet that we know of ii Why is the earth just right iii Partially based on earth sun distance 1 Mostly based on CO2 atmosphere a Venus 96 thick b Earth 0 03 moderate c 95 thin 2 Greenhouse gases keep us warm 3 Earth has oxygen Electromagnetic radiation a Energy is transmitted as waves and particles i Both the sun and earth transmit energy as electromagnetic radiation 1 Sun short wave 2 Earth long wave b Electromagnetic spectrum i c d e f g 1 Energy The Driver of Climate Climate Science Investigations South Florida Web 25 Jan 2015 2 Shorter wave lengths X rays PET imaging Baggage screen 3 UV rays suntan nightvision screening in airports mobile phones wireless data microwaves 4 Long waves ultrasound sound waves Everything like radio x rays phones depend on electromagnetic waves i Frequency of waves is measured in hz hertz Wavelength distance between wave crests Frequency number of wave crests passing a fixed point sec i The longer the wavelength the lower the frequency lower energy Intensity of radiation increases with the decrease of wavelength Photons III IV i A particle like unit of electromagnetic energy the smallest unit of electromagnetic energy Forms of energy a Energy what we need to complete physical actions i Ability to move heat ii Measures the capability to create change or do work move heat iii Objects possess energy iv Energy cannot be destroyed but it can change from one form to another 1 Thermal can be transferred between objects b Potential energy i Energy of an object that could be doing something but is not c Kinetic energy i Energy of movement the ability of an object to do work because it is in movement d Thermal or heat energy i Volume of air within moving particles ii Microscopic iii Result of kinetic energy e Electromagnetic energy Flux a Def amount of energy of photons that passes a perpendicular surface per unit area i Intensity of radiation covering one area b Measured in watts meters2 c The poles of the earth receive less radiation compared to the equator
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