GEOG1982 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture 1. Systems I: Environment and SocietyOutline of Current Lecture I. System ReviewII. Map OriginsIII. ColonialismIV. Slave TradeV. ImperialismVI. Colonialism vs. ImperialismVII. StatesVIII. CapitalismCurrent LectureI. System: review of definitiona. Key systemsi. Climate, colonialism, imperialism, capitalism II. Where did knowledge need to produce maps come from?a. Movement of people and goodsb. China i. Trade networksii. Interest in control over movement of people and goodsc. Europe (Portugal, Spain, England) i. Conquestii. Control over trade networks including land, resource, laborIII. Colonialism: political and economic system which regions and societies are dominated by an external or alien society a. Frequently involved taking land or resources by force, leading to domination and settlement by foreign society b. Can take multiple forms i. Legalii. Politicaliii. Economiciv. Culturalc. Colonialism’s First Wave (1500-1800)i. The Americas: conquest and settlementii. Colonizers have exclusive control over trade coloniesiii. Africa: slave tradeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iv. Plantation economies1. Dispossession of land from indigenous peoples a. (disease, conquest, displacement)2. Forced labor by indigenous peoples, African slaves3. Production of single commodityv. Tobacco, cotton, sugar are primary economic activityd. Colonialism’s Second Wave (1800-1950) i. Demise of colonies in Americas, through economies ties remain 1770-1830ii. Atlantic salve trade end by colonial powers 1810-1830iii. Shift in emphasis towards Africa, Asia, South Pacific, Australia iv. Export orientated agriculture, resource extractionIV. Slave Tradea. A system within colonialismi. Produced wealth through forced movement and laborii. Slaves as less than humaniii. Race as an explanation of difference and justification for practiceiv. Generate tremendous wealth for slave owners V. Imperialisma. Extension of the power of a state direct or indirect control over the economic life of other territoriesb. Latin root- to commandVI. Colonialism vs. Imperialisma. Colonialism: direct domination exercised by one country over anotheri. Conquest, salve trade, plantation economics > dispossession and permanent settlement ii. Examples: Portugal in the Americas, Spain, The USb. Imperialism: direct or indirect command by one country over another i. Export orientated agriculture production and resource extraction through ownership of land and resources ii. Examples: British in India, Africac. Neither is unique to Europe through European colonialism dominates contemporary understanding, practice d. Why is the difference important?e. Historical relationship between the two and the combined role in shaping the modern worldVII. Statesa. Emerge in Europe from changes in politics and economy influenced by colonialismb. Criteria:i. Political sovereigntyii. Recognition from other statesiii. Control over a specific territoryiv. Functioning government c. States: Britian, France, Germany, Spaind. Entities excluded from the state systemi. Most non-European Christian entities in Africa, Americas, and large parts of Asiaii. Minor kingdoms subsumed by states iii. Exclusion meant that another state could claim authority over people, land, and resources VIII. Capitalism: a system of social and economic organization characterized by the profit motive and individual and corporate ownership of productive goods and resources a. Changes within Europe via the Industrial revolutionb. Fueled by the wealth extracted from the coloniesc. Push for the free trade rather colonial monopoliesd. Organizing principal for Imperial expansion 185-1950i. Britain, Germany, France, Belgium, US, Japane. Elements of Capitalismi. Stateii. Capitaliii. Labor (workers)iv. Division of laborv. Commoditiesvi. Propertyvii. Tradeviii. Marketsf. World system: a socioeconomic system encompassing all or a large part of the planet i. Multiple word systems in the pastii. Current system defined by capitalism (aka the