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CU-Boulder GEOG 1982 - US and Canada Review

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GEOG 1982 1nd Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. US and CanadaII. Settler SocietiesIII. Europeanization of the landscapeIV. RaceV. AgricultureVI. MiningVII. CitiesVIII. EthnicityIX. Migration and geographyX. RecapXI. Course themes Outline of Current Lecture XII. US and CanadaXIII. Settler SocietiesXIV. Europeanization of the landscapeXV. RaceXVI. AgricultureXVII. MiningThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XVIII. CitiesXIX. EthnicityXX. Migration and geographyXXI. RecapXXII. Course themes XXIII. Midterm InformationCurrent Lecture- The US and Canada-These notes are the same as the lecture on Tuesday. Professor Bryan reviewed all of thesame slides, notes, and material, and then went on to talk about the midterm next week(midterm information is at the end of the lecture notes) I. US and Canada a. A region made by “global” forcesb. What makes this region so “global”?i. Conversion of resources into wealth, and with it, the transformation of the environment and societyii. Immense political power that has transformed other regionsiii. Social differences that are strongly linked to regional, global systemsiv. Key part of historical “core” of world systemv. Globalization of US, Canada societyc. What makes the US and Canada a region?i. They are economically and politically more similar to each otherII. “Settler Societies”a. Colonial settlement transforms society, landb. Mass death of indigenous peoples through disease and constant war (waged by Europeans)c. Importation of slaves from West Africad. European dominance of economy and culturee. Extensive environmental, societal changes > “Europeanization of the landscape”III. “Europeanization” of the landscapea. Conversion of resources into commodities for exchange with Europeb. Replacement of indigenous agricultural systems and adoption of cropsi. Corn, bean, squashc. Importation of new cropsi. Sugar, wheatd. Expansion of agriculture through slave labor and direct settlementIV. Race = classification of differences based on physical characteristicsa. Race and landscapei. Europeanization of landscape relied on:1. Slave labor, justified in terms of racial inferiority of Africans2. Displacement of Native Americans; justified in terms of the “inferiority” of their cultures, ways of living3. Equation of “proper” use of land, resources with “white” settlementV. Agriculturea. Historically widespread in the Americas (long before Europeans)b. But Europeans did not “see” it as such, in spite of growing native crops (tobacco, corn, squash, beans)c. Led massive transformation of landscape, particularly in Great Plains (mechanized agriculture)d. “Europeanization of North America”VI. Mininga. Tremendous mineral wealth, coupled with technology to extract itb. Drove US expansion Westi. 1849 California Gold Rushii. Post-Civil War settlementc. Railroadsd. Economic growth fueled by primary production especially in Canadae. Mining > Industrializationi. Entire cities built on the combination of railroads and processing resources1. Chicago ii. “robber barons”1. Found private universities (Stanford, University of Chicago)VII. Citiesa. Distribution and character charts changes in political economy of US, Canadab. “Piedmont Cities” in northeast develop manufacturingc. South remains agrarian d. Regionalization linked to World Systeme. Cities: the Great Migration (African-Americans)i. 6 million African Americans move out of the South, 1910-1930ii. “manufacturing belt” cities in northeast (New York, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Montreal, Toronto, Philadelphia)iii. Destination for rural migrants, international migration from 1840s through WWIIVIII. Ethnicity  state of belonging to a social group sharing a common culture or nationa. Race and ethnicityi. Both are socially-created systems of rules for defining group membershipii. Race emphasizes physical appearance (skin color)iii. Ethnicity emphasizes historical, cultural, geographic tiesiv. But the difference between them are slippery, problematicv. But the outcome is often one of justifying or explaining a social hierarchy that places one group on topvi. Both can be used as the basis for discriminationIX. Migration and geographya. 1st and 2nd waves (1820-1870, 1870-1920)i. Concentrated in urban areas, adding to labor force, service sectorii. Racially “white” (European ancestry) immigrants integrate into settlementof frontiersiii. Chinese role in railroad construction b. 3rd wave (1970-present)i. Low skill labor in agriculture, industry, service sectorsX. Recapa. US and Canada as a region made through global processesb. Idea of the region as culturally unified contrasts with sharp differences and inequalitiesc. … and yet no region is clamoring for independence (as in Europe, former Soviet Union)XI. Course themesa. Interdependence: foreign investment, Great Migrationb. Change: Europeanization of landscape, creative destruction, deindustrializationc. Systems (world systems): great migration, immigration, rust belt and sun beltd. Regionalization/globalization: Caribbean, Nationalism in US, CanadaXII. Midterm informationa. You need to bring pencil, buff one card, and student #i. Student # is not the number on the buff one cardb. 50 minute, 40 questionsc. Once first person finishes the test, no one else may start itd. Consist of matching IDs, true/false, and multiple


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CU-Boulder GEOG 1982 - US and Canada Review

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