POL 202 1st Edition Lecture 4 I. Mercantilist Eraa. Interestsi. Security through powerii. Control of markets/resourcesb. Interactionsi. Zero sum bargaining among statesc. Institutionsi. Not manyII. Pax Britannicaa. Interestsi. Growing economic wealth1. Trade, investmentii. Informal diplomacyiii. State cooperation in security/economic affairsb. Institutionsi. British hegemony and Concert of EuropeIII. The Colonial Empires, 1914a. Not any part of the world not occupied by something/somebodyIV. Thirty Years’ Crisisa. Stability/security shattered by two world warsi. Caused economic depressionb. 30 years of global conflicti. military, diplomatic, economic, politicalc. Europe, 1914i. First wave of globalization1. Extremely dense tradeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.V. Tension in Europea. Sources of conflict (after 1900)i. Changing European power balanceii. Weakening Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian and Russian empiresiii. New political/economic actors emergedVI. Rise of Germanya. Higher demands for national statesb. Population/economy largest in Europei. Army (trained/equipped)c. Europe divides into 2 campsd. Central Powersi. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkeye. Allied Powersi. Russia, Finland, Great Britain, France, Italy, etc.VII. World War Ia. What caused it?i. Precipitating factors1. Assassination of Archduke and wife in Sarajevoii. Austria sent ultimatum to Serbia1. Intent was for small limited war to regain territory2. Serbia surprisingly receptive to ultimatum3. Germany backed Austriab. Underlying Causesi. Changing power balanceii. Military doctrineiii. Alliance structurec. Ultimatum: formal diplomatic notei. “if…then…”d. Changing power balancei. Rise of Germany challenged Britain and Francee. Military doctrinei. Advantage with rapid mobilization 1. Advantage gained if mobilized firstf. Alliance structurei. Russia-Serbiaii. France-Russia, Britain-France, Britain-Belgiumiii. Germany-Austriag. If Archduke weren’t assassinated…would WWI still have happened?i. Something else would have sparked warh. Inconclusive, bloodyi. Longer/far costlier than imaginedii. At least 15 million killed, 7 million civilians i. The defeat of Central Powersi. Entry of U.S., Apr. 1917ii. Failure of Germans to cut off British suppliersj. U.S. Entry into WWIi. Zimmermann telegramii. Economic reasonsiii. Sinking of cargo shipsVIII. Effects of WWIa. New states within Europe inventedb. Economic recoveryi. Slow/partialii. Hyperinflation (trillion times postwar level)c. Bankrupted middle classd. Higher labor/socialist part supporte. Led to rise of Nazism f. U.S. Rolei. 1914-19191. Economic/military predominanceIX. The Global Great Depression a. 1929-1930sb. Industrial production downc. 1/3 labor force unemployedd. No world trade X. World War IIa. Fascist powers attempt to restore military poweri. The Axis: alliance of Germany, Italy, Japanb. Nazi Germany annexes Austria c. May 1940—defeats France in 6 weeksd. June 1941—Germany invades Soviet Unione. December 1941—Japan attacks US Naval base at Pearl Harbori. US bombs JapanXI. Costs of WWIIa. Human and economic costi. Most of Europe and Japan in ruinsb. Interestsi. Security through alliances, expansion, economic self-sufficiency c. Interactionsi. WWI and IIii. Beggar-thy-neighbor policies1. Higher trade barriers/tariffs d. Institutionsi. League of Nationsii. International labor