POL 202 1st Edition Lecture 5I. The Cold Wara. Unlike WWIi. Results of WWII were conclusive1. Great powers before war left powerlessa. Britain, Japan, Franceb. US/Soviet Union left as only remaining military powersII. Seeds of Cold War Sown in Yaltaa. WWII still going onb. Major conference of Allied Powersi. “Big Three”1. Roosevelt2. Churchill3. Stalinc. Issuesi. Dividing up Germanyii. Formation of United Nations (succeeding League of Nations)iii. German War reparationsiv. Entry of Soviet forces into war against Japanv. Future of Poland—whole cause of WWII1. Invasion of Polandd. Four occupation zones for Germany and Berlin e. Confirmed Soviet influence in Eastern Europei. Red Army occupation of East made this inevitableIII. The Superpowers Emergea. Germany divided into zones of occupationi. Europe into spheres of influenceb. Conflicts between US and Soviet UnionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Capitalism vs. communismii. Struggle for influenceiii. Different military/economic interestsiv. Failure in interacting productivelyv. Military threat—both wanted power1. As well as ideological differencesc. By 1949, both US/Soviet Union began consolidating control on their blocsd. Americans create:i. Military alliance (NATO)ii. A new economic order, Breton Woods Systeme. Soviet Union creates:i. A Communist alliance, Warsaw PactIV. The Blocs Consolidatea. Interactions become hostile/suspiciousi. US favors market-based, capitalist activitiesii. Soviet Union favors planned socialismb. By early 1960s—Western World is an integrated economyi. Social welfare programs enactedii. No true trade going on between eastern and western worldsc. Soviet Union responds:i. Warsaw Pact, 1955ii. Strengthens ties with communist Chinaiii. Develops socialist variant of economic integrationiv. “One brand of supplies—eliminating cost of marketing and advertisement”1. Could have wrong numbers for estimated quantity needed leavingsurpluses or scarcitiesV. The Development of Nuclear Weaponsa. 1954—US and Soviet Union have hydrogen/atomic bombsi. 20,000 tons TNT (first atomic bomb)ii. 10,000,000 tons TNT (first hydrogen bomb)b. Standoff emerges between Superpowersc. Sputnik launch 1957i. US shocked at Soviet technologyii. New technology/education programsiii. Precipitated shift from nuclear bombers to nuclear missilesiv. Motivated Congress/Americans to progress/researchd. Era of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)VI. Berlin Airlift, 1949a. After WWII—Germany dividedb. June 1948, Soviet Union blockades West Berlini. Expecting Allies to withdraw1. Allies responded with massive airlift with supplies2. May 1949—Soviet Union backs downVII. Cuban Missile Crisisa. 1959—Fidel Castro leads revolution in Cuba and allies with Sovietsb. 1962—Soviets begin secretly installing nuclear missiles in Cubai. US learns about missile installationsii. Soviets dismantle under conditions that US remove its missiles in Turkey1. Agrees not to invade ChinaVIII. Korean Wara. Divided following WWIb. 1950—North Korea invades South KoreaIX. Vietnam Wara. French abandon Indochina in 1954b. Beginning of war somewhat ambiguousc. Ends 30APR1975d. Fall of Saigoni. 60,000 dead/missingX. Decolonizationa. Rise of