POL 202 1st Edition Lecture 6I. The Cold War Endsa. Ronald Reagan takes office in 1981i. Strongly anti-Sovietii. Proposes a “defensive shield” against potential missile attacksb. Soviets respond by raising their military spendingi. Soviet economy begins to strain and fall behind that of the Westc. Mikhail Gorbachev takes power in USSR in 1985i. Improves relations with U.S.ii. Enacts internal reforms in USSR and Socialist bloc1. Soviets relax control in Eastern Europe2. Berlin wall comes down3. Withdraw from AfghanistanII. Worldwide Economic Developmentsa. OPEC oil shocks of 1973-1974 led to recession, unemployment, inflationb. In 1982, developing nations underwent global debt crisisi. Borrowing/spending too much moneyc. Social unrest turned into open protestd. Cross-border trade and investment raisei. Western Europe begins to remove barriers to trade and later establishes common currency, Euro, in 2002e. Unprecedented growth by some:i. China, India, Brazil1. Hadn’t been leading industrial countries in the pastIII. Globalizationa. The Communist world begins to embrace globalization/capitalist economic reformb. Most countries begin to accept globalization as a general principleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. National economies integrate into world tradeIV. New Diplomatic Challengesa. Military and diplomatic conflicts continue when Iraq invades Kuwait in 1990i. UN security council and Arab League condemn invasionii. UN sets withdrawal deadline (Iraq ignores)iii. UN authorizes use of “all necessary means”iv. US leads a coalition that defeats Iraq 1. “A new era of global cooperation”b. 9/11 attacks on US pose new challengesi. How to retaliate against non-state actor?1. Afghanistan War, 2001--?2. Iraq War, 2003--?3. ISIL in
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