GEO 155 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I Earth Sun Relationship Outline of Current Lecture II Radiation A What is it III Solar and Terrestrial Radiation a Radiation Laws b What Happens to Solar Radiation i Energy Budget c Terrestrial Radiation i Energy Budget d Atmospheric Radiation i Energy Budget Current Lecture Radiation What is it It is the transfer of energy without benefit of a medium Electromagnetic Waves Infrared 1 millimeter 0 7 micrometers Visible Light 0 4 0 7 micrometers Ultraviolet 0 1 0 4 micrometers Gamma and X Ray less than 0 1 micrometers Long wave greater than 4 micrometers Short wave less than 4 micrometers These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Solar and Terrestrial Radiation Radiation Laws 1 Hotter objects emit more radiation a Sun 5 500 degrees Celsius b Earth 15 degrees Celsius i Solar emits 150 000 times the radiation per square meter than the Earth 2 Hotter objects emit shorter wavelengths of radiation a Sun peaks at 0 5 micrometers b Earth s terrestrial radiation 10 micrometers What Happens to Solar Radiation 1 Absorption a Heats the absorber b Rare except for the ozone which absorbs ultraviolet 2 Scattering Forward refraction a Deflection of radiation b No heating c Diffuse radiation allows us to see in the shade blue light 3 Reflection Scattering Backward a Albedo percent of shortwave radiation reflected i COLOR lighter the color higher the albedo 1 Clouds greater than 50 percent 2 Snow up to 95 percent 3 Ground 10 30 percent 4 Water 5 40 percent 4 Reach Surface as Direct Radiation Energy Budget On average out of 100 units 19 absorbed by the atmosphere 26 reflected back to space by the atmosphere 55 reaches surface direct and diffuse o 4 reflected o 52 absorbed Terrestrial Radiation Earth absorbs sun s shortwave radiation then emits longwave Longwave then absorbed by Greenhouse gases water vapor carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxides Energy Budget On average out of 113 units 107 absorbed in atmosphere greenhouse gases 6 escape to space Atmospheric Radiation Atmosphere absorbs shortwave Warms up Emits longwave to the Earth Energy Budget 92 units counter radiation 64 units to space o 156 in total
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