GEOG 101 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Current Lecture I. Basic Concepts of Physical Geography A. Components of the Earth SystemB. Physical GeographersII. LocationA. Shape of the EarthB. GPSC. LocationIII. MapsA. Spatial RelationshipsB. Map ProjectionsC. Isoline Mapi. Topographic MapIV. Geographic DataA. Satellite ImageryB. Geographic Information Systemi. NDVICurrent LectureI. Basic Concepts of Physical Geography: A. -Physical Geography is the study of spatial variation and temporal change in the Earth System. -Components of the Earth System:i. Atmosphere ii. Lithosphereiii. Hydrosphere iv. BiosphereB. Physical Geographers look at relationships between geographic patterns and processes. They try to understand natural hazards in order to help reduce the likelihood of natural disasters. ii. Are the natural disasters natural or anthropogenic (caused by humans)?II. Location: where things areThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. The Shape of the Earth: Earth is not a sphere, and it is not round. It is an oblate spheroid or the geoid. B. GPS is the Global Positioning System. It is used to find the precise location of something. C. Relative Location is imprecise. “Over yonder,” “thataway,” “down the road” areexamples of relative location. Absolute Location is precise. i. Latitude is the angular distance north or south of the equator.Longitude is the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian. III. MapsA. Spatial Relationships: distance, direction, shape, and area.1. Distance: migration behavior, hurricanes2. Direction: pollution plume, navigation3. Shape: crustal plate, nations4. Area: species distribution, aquifersB. Map Projection: how a map is distorted from 3D to 2DC. Isoline Map: “isoline” means “line of equal values”i. Topographic Map: shows natural and artificial features of the Earth’s surface. The isolines provide elevation detail.IV. Geographic DataA. Satellite Imagery- data is collected by remote sensingi. Visible light= passive sensingii. Radar= active sensingB. GIS: Geographic Information System is where geographic data is organized. It is a form of computer modeling. i. NDVI- Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (satellite images) makes green vegetation