GEOG 101 1st Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture Weather ContinuedI. Supercell Thunderstorm II. Monsoon ThunderstormsIII. Tropical CyclonesClimateI. 6 componentsII. 6 Primary climate regionsIII. Hypothetical Climate Continent modeli. Subtropical climateii. Mid-latitude climateOutline of Current LectureI. Hydrosphere and biogeochemical cyclesII. The Water Cyclei. Soil moistureii. Groundwateriii. AquifersLectureI. Hydrosphere and biogeochemical cycles-The Earth is 71% water, which is unevenly distributed. 99% is frozen in the cryosphere, which includes glaciers.-Earth is a closed system in terms of matter. The amount of all geochemicals on Earthis constant but the distribution changes.-The water cycle is one of the biogeochemical cycles.-Main stores: ocean, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere-The most abundant liquid freshwater is undergroundII. The Water Cyclei. Soil moisture: Where plants get their water. Below the line of the soil moisture zone is a water table, and under that is the groundwater zone. Water flows underground towards low points, but slowly.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Groundwater: Emerges at the surface where the elevation of the surface descends to the water table. -Groundwater recharge occurs if water remains in the system at depths greater than plant roots. It is a function of the rate of runoff.-Runoff is greatest on steep slopes, following intense rainfall, and on impervious surfaces.-Groundwater use increases drought because surface water supplies fluctuate more rapidly over short time scales.iii. Aquifers: Are large bodies of water confined below the soil zone. Aquifers arerecharged and discharge at different locations. Aquifers are fossil water and are used for water sources and waste disposal. Overuse of aquifers for water supply can lead to depletion, which can lead to land subsidence. -Aquifer use can cause the water table to fall significantly near oceans, and falling water tables can lead to saltwater