KIN 464 1st Edition Final Study Guide Lectures 13 15 Lecture 13 Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal communication The act or action of imparting or transmitting ideas information facts or feeling to a secondary party Involves the sending receiving and interpretation of messages Effective Communication occurs when the receiver understands the message as in tended by the sender Communication is ALWAYS a two way sender to receiver and back Management functions Planning Decision making Authoritarian Decision Making tell someone what to do and sell them on the benefits Participative Decision Making consult and join Idea Generation The source of planned communication here it is important that the sender carefully considers ideas before developing a message The Message Formalization of the ideas which the sender wishes to convey verbal and nonverbal here it is important that the sender carefully frames the message to minimize misunderstanding Sender writes talks and acts Receiver reads and responds listens and responds watches and responds Channel selection The KEY to effective communication Common channels writing speaking electronic media and nonverbal physical actions Encoding are they going to interpret it the way I meant it Refers to the symbols or gestures a sender selects to transmit a message through the desired channel so that the receiver decodes it properly Not just WHAT you say but HOW you say it Body language 90 of messages are communicated non verbally 58 of a first impression is based on appearance 38 is based on a way we sound 7 is based on what we actually have to say Transmission Physical activity of giving message Receiver Decoding When the receiver translates the sender s symbols and gestures into meaningful thought Feedback An acknowledgement that the message was received Empathy being sensitive or aware of the feelings thoughts and experiences of others The key to becoming a better listener lies in developing empathy 5 tips o pay attention to who is talking o listen to both the content and emotion o ask questions for additional insight o demonstrate your understanding o concluding as show you are on the same page 6 barriers to effective communication Semantics barrier problems about word meanings Resistance to change people resist new ideas new ways or changes to the status quo sell them on the benefits to breakdown resistance Perception differences receiver s perception of message different from that of the sender perception is reality Listening barrier receiver fails to listen concentrate and be alert to the message transmitted Credibility barrier occurs when the sender is not trusted Noise barrier refers to any factor that causes confusion distortion or disturbs communication poor lighting hand writing etc Communication effectiveness receiver responds as sender wishes to message The philosophy of higher management Openness open door policy The corporate culture Behavior un written norms interactions values feelings etc Centralized Organization Structure vertical organization with smaller spans of control scalar chain observed Decentralized Organizational Structure horizontal structure communications tend to flow more freely upward The communication networks flow of info Down Up Laterally violates scalar principle Fayol s Gangplank or bridge cross communicating btw departments The Grapevine The communication system of the informal organization External communication Method of relating to public media public relation sport info communication departments EX direct mailing advertising press releases media guides social media Lecture 14 Who Moved My Cheese Negligence Sniff can smell change in the air Scurry goes into action immediately Hem does not want change and doesn t accept it it s not fair Haw startled by change but then moves on and enjoys new cheese The more important cheese is to you the more you want to hold onto it What would you do if you weren t Afraid When you move beyond your fear you feel free Smell the cheese often so you know when it is getting old When you change what you believe you change what you do the quicker you let go of old cheese the sooner you find new cheese it is safer to search in the maze than to remain in a cheese less situation Negligence is an unintentional tort that injures a person Tort a civil wrong Tortfeasor wrongdoer Plantiff injured person Duty A special relationship exists between the service provider defendant and the injured person plaintiff Loco parentis in the place of the parent charged with the parents rights duties and responsibilities The Act What the service provider did commission or did not do omission to protect the individual was not in accord with the standard of care a prudent professional should provide Proximate Cause The breach of the standard of care was the reason for the injury Damages The individual received physical or emotional injury The Corporate Entity The governing body of the organization e g county school board the university board of regents Gross Negligence Very great negligence or the want of even slight or scant care failure to exercise even that care that a careless person would use e g Failure to inspect facilities and equipment when the professional knows that unsafe conditions exist Willful Reckless and Wanton Misconduct An intentional act of unreasonable character in total disregard of human safety Restatement of Law Torts 1965 e g Knowledge of an impending danger and failure to give care to event Contributory Negligence exists when the conduct of the plaintiff in any way helps to cause or aggravate the plaintiff s injury Children over the age of fourteen are capable of negligence and children under seven are incapable of negligence Those between seven and fourteen are judged capable of negligence in certain circumstances Comparative Negligence compares the fault of each party and generally allocates a fault by percentage not a true defense against negligence Pure Comparative Negligence The award to the plaintiff is reduced by the percentage of fault assigned to the plaintiff o For example suppose the award is 100 000 and the fault is apportioned 75 to the plaintiff and 25 to the defendant Modified Comparative Negligence Operates on the theory that the plaintiff is not entitled to recovery unless the negligence of the defendant is substantial 49 Percent Rule Plaintiff may not recover if the plaintiff s fault is equal to or greater than the defendant thus recovery is possible if