ENVIR ST 260 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I Misconception from Grassland Worksheet II Lecture Activities E Writing III Woodlands and Forests Outline of Current Lecture I II III Ideas from Last Lecture Questions of Monetary Value in Forest Ecosystems Conservation and Restoration Challenges Current Lecture Ideas from Last Lecture Clicker Question Why is the tree farm picture not a forest Same species Even aged No animals Lack of structure We had talked about the first three as reasons why these plantations are really not forests Having the same species and even aged trees contribute to why it s not a forest but those aren t the only things Having a lot of the same species isn t a problem You see a ot of natural forest ecosystems dominated by a single species and sometimes you see most of them even aged With this list of potential answers saying that it s one of those two is off track The correct answer is Lack of Structure Granted there s a lack of structure because they re planted in rows same species and even aged The lack of structure is a more comprehensive answer Human Impacts Where we ended Ski resort Questions of Monetary Value in Forest Ecosystems Forest Ecosystems have a lot of monetary value Recreation These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Charge people a fee to go out and hike and camp Hunting A lot of people own land and lease it out to hunters Timber Markets fluctuate and timber may not be a huge economic component in the Midwest but in the northern part of the state there are people thinking about the monetary value of trees on their land Clicker In general forest management plans should seek to make money off of the land Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree Most people said D however the answers varied Reason Why Someone Strongly Agrees There s an opportunity cost of holding land so there has to be some way to defer that Idea of clear cutting and planting new trees This gets you into plantations which aren t forests Healthy forests take more time to manage Videos that focus on idea of sustainable forestry from different perspectives Perspective of Conservation agency How does harvesting benefit the ecosystem A lot of forested ecosystems are pretty messed up to begin with and by harvesting you re bring them back to a more natural functioning state Clean water Having natural ecosystems of any sort act to filter water Depending upon where you live there s snow melt that filters into streams that go through systems like this that go into drinking water systems If the ecosystem isn t functioning properly the streams could be messed up which affects the water What is the money used for It goes towards restoration projects every state has a DNR or Fish and wildlife service If they can make money out of a forest they can put it into something else so they don t have to ask tax payers to can fund their own projects This is why conservation projects a lot of times cut down trees Just because you re a conservationist doesn t mean that you don t cut down trees Perspective of Private land owners Considerations foresters have to make working with land owners Working around hunting schedule If a landowner says you can t be on the property during a certain time you have to work around it Making a profit and thinking about how much money the land owner needs to get out of it If somebody is looking to cover their taxes a forester needs to keep in mind what somebody s dollar amount is Advice is based a lot in ecology and sustainable practices but you can only do that if the person is going to work with you A woodlot is like a bank Idea that every once in a while you can pull some money out but you need to leave a majority of your cash sitting there so that interest will grow Conservation and Restoration Challenges Illegal logging How illegal timber moves around the world There isn t a whole lot of illegal harvesting happening in the US but we re a major importer of illegally harvested wood products Much are coming from South America Africa Russia and Indonesia and Malaysia You notice that the biggies of importers are the US Europe and China They re also big contributors to this problem Common thing between these importers is that they re all highly developed countries Some of this is due to huge consumer basis Creates pathways Once you have people moving along these pathways that encourages more people to move along the same path Can transport invasive species You can easily pick up invasive seeds and once they have a pathway into the ecosystem they can easily spread Creates more edges and fragmentation Creatures of habit We create more edges and fragmentation by breaking up forested ecosystems You have problems with dispersal which can alter the habitat for birds and animals that now have to cross through open spaces instead of continuing through the forest Invasive species Don t move firewood campaign There are a lot of things that can be hanging out in wood so transporting firewood can introduce invasive species One of the biggest is the emerald ashbore A sign that you have them is exit holes from where the larvae mature and then leave the tree The life cycle of this invasive species can harm ash trees because they burrow into the outer layer of bark and hang out in the thin area of the tree where water transport takes place If a tree can t transport water it will die People normally don t notice that trees are infested until they re too far gone Clicker Do you think this is a problem in Wisconsin Most people said yes which is correct This was first detected in Dane county in 2013 but basically now the whole southern portion of the state has reported emerald ashbore The professor thinks it s likely that the whole state will be infested in a matter of years Transmission of pathogens A lot of times this goes hand in hand with invasive species Laurel Wilt is the cause of many tree deaths There s an invasive beetle that carries this fungus that kills the trees Laurel Wilt has spread quickly and vastly over the past 10 years in the southeast Do you think laurel wilt could affect your life No Not unless it moves into the Midwest Yes Reason why people said yes Laurel wilt could infect products or resources that we use from the south They may inquire more imports from our area shift in forest production Example of how isolated problem in