Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Coming Due1❖Tonight in Nature Assessor: TODAY (92% or 0 on PMaster)❖Endosymbiosis Assessor: Feb 1❖Amino Acid Hunt Assessor: Feb 2❖Big Check #1 Feb 5 (Wed. next week; topics on homepage)❖Hint: in the exam draft I have seen, Periodic table and its discovery matters❖Big 2 Feb 26, Big 3 Mar 14Notetaker?❖This service clean 3 blots off your soulThis service clean 3 blots off your soul❖You win my undying gratitude! (cannot be sold or You win my undying gratitude! (cannot be sold or redeemed for anything of value, however)redeemed for anything of value, however)2Where now/where next❖We’ve got a great set of piecesWe’ve got a great set of pieces❖We understand their We understand their propertiesproperties❖Let’s make something!!Let’s make something!!3Words of yore❖BackboneBackbone❖Sidechain, R-groupSidechain, R-group❖ResidueResidue❖Amino acidAmino acid4Parts is parts56Space invadersSpace invadersKeeping your personal space safe from ‘them’Keeping your personal space safe from ‘them’7Everything is a Everything is a vampirevampireA deadly plot, with twistsA deadly plot, with twists8Incredible, edible you!❖You = delicious & nutritious!You = delicious & nutritious!❖Your blood feeds your cells--and potentially any Your blood feeds your cells--and potentially any othersothers❖Your cells are full of ATP & yummy building blocksYour cells are full of ATP & yummy building blocks❖The parasite lifestyle is fun & easy--billions do it The parasite lifestyle is fun & easy--billions do it every day!every day!9Consider...❖Why is the flu “new and improved” every year. Isn’t it Why is the flu “new and improved” every year. Isn’t it thethe flu? flu?❖Why are you permanently immune to polio, chicken Why are you permanently immune to polio, chicken pox, measles, but not the flupox, measles, but not the flu10Staying alive❖your genes match 1/2 mom + 1/2 dad (and so on up the your genes match 1/2 mom + 1/2 dad (and so on up the tree--for a long, long way [Ms of years])--like, totallytree--for a long, long way [Ms of years])--like, totally❖Enemy viruses (for example) haveEnemy viruses (for example) have❖short generation timesshort generation times❖sloppy copying [instruction changes => ‘feel’ sloppy copying [instruction changes => ‘feel’ changes => hard to ‘get a handle’ on them]changes => hard to ‘get a handle’ on them]❖VAST numbers, with the inevitable novel variantsVAST numbers, with the inevitable novel variants❖people keep having sex with chimpspeople keep having sex with chimps❖Conclusion: You must defeat Conclusion: You must defeat thousands thousands of things of things neither you nor any of your ancestors have neither you nor any of your ancestors have everever ‘seen’ ‘seen’11Body Defender!❖Where are the points of greatest Where are the points of greatest vulnerability that you must vulnerability that you must guard?guard?❖How will you shore up defenses How will you shore up defenses here?here?12http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Technology/images-2/human-body.jpgmmm-mmm mmMucus!❖Most of your portals to the outside world are sticky & gooey Most of your portals to the outside world are sticky & gooey and flowing outwardsand flowing outwards❖This ensnares many evildoers before they can do evil & This ensnares many evildoers before they can do evil & allows you to funnel them out of the body or into nasty allows you to funnel them out of the body or into nasty places (like your stomach)places (like your stomach)13Fig. 49-1Many, many things make it through❖Even if you bathed in mucus, you’d still lose Even if you bathed in mucus, you’d still lose sometimessometimes❖Losing once means... you’re extinctLosing once means... you’re extinct❖Best to have a plan BBest to have a plan B14And yet, you live!❖OneOne* awesome sentinel is your millions of different * awesome sentinel is your millions of different molecular sentries--antibodies molecular sentries--antibodies ❖First, how they do what they doFirst, how they do what they do❖Second, a word on how you make so many Second, a word on how you make so many versions!versions!15*of many, and this is just a cog in the antibody-based machineWhat’s an antibody?What’s an antibody?A scaffold for... greasy spots, H-interaction A scaffold for... greasy spots, H-interaction donors and acceptors, (+) and (-) chargesdonors and acceptors, (+) and (-) charges16What it is: Molecular Recognition❖Fancy term for ‘binding’Fancy term for ‘binding’❖Binding is simply fighting off Brownian motionBinding is simply fighting off Brownian motionAlberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th ed.17Consider the virus (HIV)18http://www.healthinitiative.org/IMAGES/virus_big.jpghttps://www.msu.edu/course/isb/202/ebertmay/images/HIV%20virus.pngVocabulary: gp = “glycoprotein”A protein that has been ‘decorated’ with sugars (glyco)--a process that takes place in ye Golgi apparatusKey concept: circulating HIV ‘feels like” gp120Recall influenza (flu)19http://www.rpc.msoe.edu/cbm/resources/HAAnimation.swfhttp://medicineworld.org/news/news-archives/society-news/2106462972-Nov-18-2006.htmlReview of mechanism (will be on BigCheck 7); see also Lect 13Flu virus ‘feels like’ hemaglutinin & neuraminidaseFeels with consequences20Fig 49-8Shown are commonly recognized sites on hemagglutinin recognized by body’s defendershttp://www.rpc.msoe.edu/cbm/currentprograms/curIHP.phppH 7pH 5What are you gonna do about it?❖This is the chassis This is the chassis of a machine for of a machine for binding... binding... anything anything biologicalbiological21Fig 49-7Challenge!22+GreasGreasyy+--Yours too, I presume23GreasGreasyy+GreasGreasyy+----++Notice the lack of rocket science involved here!The big idea❖What kinds of things are What kinds of things are all living things on the all living things on the planet Earthplanet Earth made of? made of?❖What kinds of ‘feels’ can these present?What kinds of ‘feels’ can these present?❖There’s an antibody for thatThere’s an antibody for that24Molecular Biology of the Cell Fig. 15-142526Krogh,