1BUPart 2—Linear Circuits I0BPhysics 111 ~ BSC Student Evaluation of Lab Write-UpLast Revision: August 2008 Page 1 of 19 ©2008 by the Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. University of California at Berkeley Physics 111 Laboratory Basic Semiconductor Circuits (BSC) LAB 1 Introductory Experiments and Linear Circuits I © 2008 by the Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Before starting lab complete this list of tasks: • Watch the 4 quick-start videos on the lab equipment. These are available for download, but it is best to watch these in lab so you can use the equipment as you learn about it. Video • Completely read the Lab Write-up • Answer the pre-lab questions utilizing the references and the write-up • Perform any circuit calculations or anything that can be done outside of lab. Example 1.4 - 1.6 • Plan out how to perform Lab tasks. References: Hayes & Horowitz Chapter 1, p 1–31 and p 32–60 Horowitz & Hill Chapter 1.01–1.06, 1.07–1.11, 1.12–1.24 1.32–1.34, 5.01–5.02, 5.04–5.05 and Appendixes A, B, C and H (You'll read the rest of Ch. 1 for the next two weeks, so you might want to get started now.) Sedra & Smith Chapter 1.1–1.3, 1.6, Scan Appendixes B, C1 and E1 A good web source is Wikipedia.org Legends: See the Main BSC Web pages for details on introductory Advice next to Glossary. Lab 1 Appendices: See main BSC manual pages The beginning of this lab introduces you to the equipment you will be using throughout the BSC lab and most of the other labs in Physics 111. We want everyone to have a working knowledge of the equipment before continuing with the rest of the BSC course. In part two of this lab you will study circuits made from linear components such as resistors, and capacitors. You will build filters and learn the concept of frequency dependent impedance and its importance in circuit analysis and electrical measurements. You will also learn why we use scope probes and terminators for scope measurements. Please ask questions if you don't understand something (or you think you know something that we don't) at any time during the course!. Pre-lab questions (Part 1): 1. Explain how the breadboard, power supply, multimeter, oscilloscope, and the signal/pulse generator are used. 2. What is the difference between the common and the ground of a circuit? 3. Derive the voltage divider equation in 1.4. Pre-lab questions (Part 2): 1. What is impedance? Input impedance? Output impedance? 2. What are the interesting properties of a coaxial cable and transmission lines? (hint: wikipedia.org) 3. What is a low-pass circuit? A high pass circuit? Draw an example of each. Derive the transfer function for each of these circuits. 4. Derive the arcsine phase shift formula given before 2.8. 1 Fourth Edition: The material in these Appendixes is beyond the level of this course. Just get some idea of what’s in them.Physics 111 BSC Laboratory Lab 1 Introductory Experiments Background:In this lab you familiarize will yourself with the usage of the multimeter (DMM), breadboard, power supplies, oscilloscope, and the signal/pulse generator. The breadboard, power supplies and some other components are integrated into a box found at each lab station. Important safety habits: 1. When you are done for the day, make sure you power down all equipment. 2. Never place food or drink next to any apparatus. Accidental spills can damage or destroy the equipment and your experiment. Five minutes notice will be given at the end of class. At that time, please return all unused components to their proper drawers. In the lab: Now lets play with the equipment. Last Revision: August 2008 Page 2 of 19 ©2008 by the Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. (A) Digital Multimeter (DMM)2 The DMM is used to measure voltages, currents, resistances and several other more complicated quantities. The DMM is a relatively simple instrument. Referring to the drawing to the left, the mode of operation (voltage, current or resistance) is selected by the three buttons in the cluster marked 3. The range3 is selected by the 6 buttons in the cluster marked 4. Note the specified range changes in each operation mode (i.e. mV, V, etc. for voltage measurements, Ω, kΩ etc. for resistance, and mA, A etc. for current.) Button 2 selects AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current) measurements. Be careful — when set for DC the meter will read zero when measuring even a large AC signal. The DMM leads are normally plugged into jacks 6 and 7, but are plugged in jacks 5 and 6 for current measurements. Connect the DMM leads in parallel with a component to measure voltages across it, and in series with a component to measure currents through it (Refer to the drawings in Appendix II.) When measuring the resistance of a component, the element must be isolated from the rest of the circuit. Also, when connecting the banana to BNC adapter to the DMM, make sure that the common of the adapter matches the common of the DMM. (B) BSC Laboratory Breadboard Box Breadboard Commercial electronic equipment is constructed on printed circuit boards; “wires” are photo-etched onto a sheet of copper, and components are soldered into place. To save time and effort, we will build our prototype circuits4 on solderless breadboards. A breadboard is an insulating board with a regular pattern of holes that are actually 2 Detailed specifications for the DMM are given in Appendix I of this write-up, and summary specifications are printed on the bottom of the meter itself. 3 If the signal is out of range, the display will show a single “1”. 4 Complicated prototype circuits are typically soldered with normal wire or wire wrapped. (Wire wrapping is a method of cold-welding wires to special gold-plated leads.) Both methods require skill, time, and equipment, but result in permanent circuits.Physics 111 BSC Laboratory Lab 1 Introductory Experiments sockets. The sockets are interconnected with hidden wires, and electronic component leads or wires pushed into the socket holes will make contact with the interconnecting wires below. The interconnecting wires on our breadboards follow the pattern shown by the heavy lines in the drawing below; the gray squares indicate the positions of the sockets. Breadboard Practice: • Use 22-gauge solid (not stranded) wire to make connections. Cut interconnecting wires