CMPE-003: Computer Concepts Exam #2 Review of Chapters 4, 5, 7, 9 and HTMLChapter 4The Central Processing Unit: What Goes on Inside the ComputerReview the Lecture Notes -- in the Chapter pay close attention to:Chapter 5Input and Output: The User ConnectionReview the Lecture Notes -- in the Chapter pay close attention to:Chapter 7Networking: Computer ConnectionsReview the Lecture Notes -- in the Chapter pay close attention to:Chapter 9Social and Ethical Issues in Computing: Doing the Right ThingReview the Lecture Notes -- in the Chapter pay close attention to:HTML Primer and Lecture NotesReview the Lecture Notes -- in the HTML Primer pay close attention to:CMPE-003: Computer ConceptsExam #2 Review of Chapters 4, 5, 7, 9 and HTMLChapter 4The Central Processing Unit: What Goes on Inside the ComputerA. IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT AND HOW THEYWORK TOGETHER AND INTERACT WITH MEMORY1. Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) – performs calculations2. Control Unit (CU) – directs the computer system to perform a calculation, access memory, do a read/write operation3. Registers – temporarily holdsa. data brought from memory while waiting to be used by the ALUb. intermediate results to be sent to memoryB. DESCRIBE HOW PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS ARE EXECUTED BY THE COMPUTER1. CU gets an instruction and places it in memory2. CU decodes the instruction3. CU notifies the appropriate part of hardware to take action4. Control is transferred to the appropriate part of hardware5. Task is performed6. Control is returned to the CUC. EXPLAIN HOW DATA IS REPRESENTED IN THE COMPUTER1. Circuit with current = ON2. Circuit without current = OFF3. Represent on/off circuits using binary numbers – ON=1, OFF=04. Dataa. Bit – binary digit: one circuit that is either on or off (1 or 0)b. Byte – eight bits that together represent alphanumeric data according to a predefined coding schemei. ASCIIii. EBCDICiii. Unicodec. Word – the number of bits that the CPU can process at a time; size of one registerin the CPUD. DESCRIBE HOW THE COMPUTER FINDS INSTRUCTIONS AND DATA1. Each memory location has unique addressE. DESCRIBE THE COMPONENTS OF A MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT’S MOTHERBOARD1. CPU2. Memory3. ConnectionsF. LIST THE MEASURES OF COMPUTER PROCESSING SPEED AND EXPLAIN THE APPROACHES THAT INCREASE SPEED1. Microprocessor speeda. MHz/GHz – machine cyclesb. MIPS – instructionsc. Megaflop – floating-point operations2. Cachea. sizeb. L1 and L23. Flash memory4. Processor typea. RISCb. CISC5. Parallel Processinga. serialb. pipelining6. Other factorsa. number of processorsb. register size in CPU – word sizec. speed and size of bus linesd. amount and type of RAMReview the Lecture Notes -- in the Chapter pay close attention to:- The Central Processing Unit- The Central Processing Unit: The Control Unit- The Central Processing Unit: The Arithmetic/Logic Unit- The Central Processing Unit: Registers, Memory- Memory- System Unit: Memory Components- How the CPU Executes Program Instructions- RISC Technology: Less is MoreChapter 5Input and Output: The User Connection1. DESCRIBE THE USER RELATIONSHIP WITH COMPUTER INPUT AND OUTPUTa. Users use input devices to provide data to the computerb. Output devices provide information for the userc. Users interact with the input and output devices constantly2. EXPLAIN HOW DATA IS INPUT INTO A COMPUTER SYSTEM AND DIFFERENTIATE AMONG VARIOUS INPUT EQUIPMENTa. Data is entered via an input device and converted into electronic formb. Most common input devicesi. keyboard – enter data by typing on the keysii. pointing device – position a pointer on the screen1. mouse2. trackball3. touchpad4. pointing stick5. joystickiii. graphics tablet/digitizing tabletiv. touch screensv. pen-based computingvi. source data automationvii. magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)viii. optical scannerix. optical mark recognition (OMR)x. optical character recognition (OCR)xi. bar code readerxii. speech recognition devicesxiii. digital camerasxiv. video input3. DESCRIBE HOW A MONITOR WORKS AND THE CHARACTERISTICS THAT DETERMINE QUALITYa. Cathode ray tube (CRT) uses raster scanningi. how it works1. sweeps electron beams across the back of the screen2. phosphorus coating glows when hit by electronsii. quality1. monochrome vs. color2. refresh/scan rate3. interlaced versus non-interlaced4. dot pitch5. graphics card6. resolution7. size of monitorb. Flat-panel screen/liquid crystal display (LCD)i. how it works – transistorsii. quality – active-matrix versus passive-matrixc. Smart displaysi. based on flat panel technologyii. contain their own processor and a wireless transmitter-receiveriii. allow the user to control a desktop system from anywhere in the house4. LIST AND DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT METHODS OF COMPUTER OUTPUTa. Monitor – soft copyb. Printer – hard copyc. Voice output – speech synthesisd. Music and sound output – Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)e. Graphicsi. business graphicsii. video graphicsiii. Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)5. DIFFERENTIATE AMONG DIFFERENT KINDS OF PRINTERSa. Dot-matrixi. impactii. pins striking a ribbon against paperb. Line printersi. impactii. prints entire line at a timec. Laseri. non-impactii. light beam helps transfer images to paperiii. high qualityiv. black and white or colord. Ink-jeti. non-impactii. sprays ink at paperiii. good qualityiv. black and white or color6. EXPLAIN THE FUNCTION OF A COMPUTER TERMINAL AND DESCRIBE THE TYPES OF TERMINALSa. Permits input and output functionsb. Dumb terminali. keyboard and monitorii. connects to host for processingc. Intelligent terminali. keyboard, monitor, memory, and processorii. connects with hostd. Point-of-sale terminal (POS)i. input and output devicesii. captures retail data7. COMPUTER GRAPHICSa. Business graphicsb. Video graphicsc. Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing8. DESCRIBE THE ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS INVOLVED IN HANDLING COMPUTER DATA a. When is it ethical to alter computer data?b. When is it ethical to erase computers data?Review the Lecture Notes -- in the Chapter pay close attention to:- Keyboard- Pointing Devices- Scanner- Source Data Automation: Collecting Data Where It starts- Computer Screen Technology- Flat Panel Screens- Printers- Terminals: Combining Input and Outpuit- Digital CamerasChapter 7Networking: Computer Connections1. DESCRIBE THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF A NETWORKa. Sending deviceb. Communications linkc. Receiving