CS244 Introduction to Embedded Systems and Ubiquitous Computing Instructor Eli Bozorgzadeh Computer Science Department UC Irvine Winter 2010 CS244 Lecture 2 Embedded Applications Winter 2010 CS 244 2 Overview Hybrid embedded systems Multimedia Consumer electronics Patient monitoring MRI and artificial hearts E Business Bridges routers switches and hubs Medical instruments Appliances office electronics and home office automation Network components Aerospace automobiles robotics process control and sensor nets ATM wending machines Distributed grid computing Winter 2010 CS 244 OVERLAPPING 3 3 Hybrid Embedded Systems Computation systems whose behavior is tightly integrated with the physical world Eg the behavior of an unmanned aerial vehicle UAV can be modeled by a combination of differential equations the aerodynamics and low level feedback controllers and a finite state automata high level flight path decisions such as to ascend or descend Behavior is governed by both continuous state dynamics from the physical world and discrete state dynamics from the computation Passage of time during computation affects the state of the physical world Inherently concurrent inherent vs built in concurrency Winter 2010 CS 244 4 4 Aerospace Flight control Positioning navigation GPS INS Instrumentation Stability real time differential feedback loops Data acquisition display processing and archive Radar Communication Winter 2010 CS 244 5 5 Automobiles Engine management Emission control Instrumentation Data acquisition display processing and archive Safety stability Fuel ignition timing Airbags active control Entertainment comfort Radio A C Winter 2010 CS 244 6 6 Robotics Implies autonomous operation N physical degree of freedom Artificial intelligence Control heavy Mission oriented Repair search rescue investigate and perform physically difficult tasks Winter 2010 CS 244 7 7 Process Control Industrial automation Plant monitoring and production control Similar to control systems but with emphasis on management Winter 2010 CS 244 8 8 Sensor Nets Many sensor nodes each capable but limited of sensing computation storage and communication Structure safety Search and rescue Military use Self organization Energy Efficient Distributed Modern Sensor Nodes UC Berkeley COTS Dust UC Berkeley COTS Dust UCLA WINS Winter 2010 CS 244 Rockw ell W INS UC Berkeley Smart Dust JPL Sensor W ebs 9 9 Multimedia An exercise in Signals analog to digital conversion quantization sampling processing and digital to analogue conversion Information theory entropy Huffman codes compression lossless compression Images audio video Virtual Reality Presentation Quality of service Think lots of data formats and standards too Winter 2010 CS 244 10 10 Consumer Electronics Home appliances Office electronics Yesterday s appliances add computation Tomorrow s appliances add networking Internet Integration Electronic paper filing printing sending and receiving Home office automation Common fantasy about the automated home or office of the future with lights and appliances that operate by themselves or with minimal effort Winter 2010 CS 244 11 11 Network Components Stitching LANs Bridge Router Link networks using different network identities Extending ports Switch Transmit to recipient only Hub Connects two parts of the same network Transmit to all Handle large volume of highly structured data with little transform Winter 2010 CS 244 12 12 Medical Instruments Perform diagnosis screening evaluation Observation or monitoring Sensing and instrumentation Data collection Appraisal of that data Developing a plan of action Accuracy and precision Other applications Radiation therapy Artificial hearts arms legs Winter 2010 CS 244 13 13 E Business Information processing systems ATM Cache registers Scanners Credit card readers Often the interface behind a database Automation and convenience Winter 2010 CS 244 14 14 Distributed Grid Computing Coordinated resource sharing and problem solving The grid is static reliable and has infinite resource for practical purposes Users the mobile device e g PDA has limited resources Middleware mitigates the resource sharing and coordination efforts Winter 2010 CS 244 15 15 Summary of Application Domains Looked at a number of application domains Large amount of overlap between these domains Often each domain has associated standards design methodologies and certification programs The future appears to suggest a fusion of design differences into a single methodology Winter 2010 CS 244 16 16 Real Time Systems A systems where correctness depends on logical results and the time the results are produced Safety critical incorrect operation leads to human loss Mission critical incorrect operation leads to failed mission J A Stankovic et al Strategic Directions in Real Time and Embedded Systems Winter 2010 CS 244 17 17