Phil 1101 1st Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. Appearance and RealityII. Assumption 1III. Assumption 2IV. Assumption 3V. ConclusionVI. The Big QuestionsOutline of Current Lecture I. Knowing from othersII. Ways of knowingIII. How do we transmit knowledge?IV. Testimonial skepticismV. Anti-reductionismCurrent LectureI. Knowing from othersa. Should you believe everything you read on the internet?b. “knowing”: if you know some proposition:i. You believe itii. You are right (it’s true)iii. You have reason to believe itiv. That is, knowledge requires true, justified beliefII. Ways of knowingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Perceptionb. Memoryc. Reasoningd. Testimony? (knowledge you gain from other people)III. How do we transmit knowledge?a. If I know that p from your testimony, do you need to know that p?i. Lacky: NO. You might give me some knowledge even if you don’t believe ityourself.ii. Example: The diligent creationistb. Do I know if you tell me something you know?i. Lacky: NO. Because you might be generally unreliable- even if you are right this time.ii. The facebook gossipc. But does testimony give you reason to believe all by itself?i. Reductionism: NO. You also have to have other good reasons to believe the proposition in question.d. Problems:i. Children (come to know about the world from others)ii. SkepticismIV. Testimonial Skepticism1. You don’t have reason to believe anything on testimony unless you also have positive non-testimonial reasons to believe it is true2. That is rarely possible3. So you don’t have reason to believe anything you believe on testimonyV. Anti-reductionisma. Yes: you can sometimes be justified in believing a proposition based on testimonyaloneb. Problems:i. Gullibility: seems to mean that I can be justified in believing random internet postingsii. Rules of social engagementc. Hybrid viewsi. In order to have reason to believe a source, I need to at least have some clues that the source is CREDIBLEii. Ex.1. Has it been reliable in the past?2. Is it just reproducing what others say?3. Is it
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