Phil 1101 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. The Problems of EvilII. Problems with free will defenseIII. Stumps solutionIV. AppendixOutline of Current Lecture I. Reasons and ReligionII. Two QuestionsIII. Clifford’s ArgumentIV. Support of Premise TwoV. ZazebskiCurrent LectureI. Reasons and Religiona. When people fail to do things, we not only hold them accountable for their actions, but we hold them accountable for their beliefs as wellb. The fact that something has not been broken before does not mean it will not break in the futurec. Clifford: It was wrong for ship-owner to believe as he did, even if he had turned out to be rightd. When the stakes are high, we want good evidenceII. Two Questionsa. Do we always have to have reasons for what we believe?b. If not, why do reasons matter?i. That is, you should only believe what you have more evidence forThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Whether or not your belief turns out to be true or notIII. Clifford’s Argumenta. If the truth of a belief could matter to other people, you shouldn’t have that belief without good reason.b. The truth of any belief could matter to other people.c. Therefore, you should have good reason for your beliefsIV. Support of Premise Twoa. Belief is necessarily tied to action. To believe that p just is to be ready to act as if p.b. So every belief has potential consequences for action either directly or indirectlyc. Your actions matter to other peopled. So, any belief could matter to other peoplee. Therefore, you should always base your beliefs on good evidencei. Existence of God? You should say ‘I don’t know’ rather than be atheist or a believerf. If you don’t have time to check into your beliefs, then you don’t really have time to hold beliefsg. If your beliefs never affect your actions at all, do you really believe? No.h. Do our religious practices really depend on whether we have evidence to believe in God?i. Zazebski: not necessarilyV. Zazebskia. Many of our practices and traditions are based on our feelings and emotions as well as on our beliefsb. Many of our religious beliefs are based on the authority of the community, not on an individual’s assessment of the evidencei. Sort of have to take things on authorityc. Community Wisdomi. Wisdom is often embedded in communitiesii. Maybe having no evidence may be okay because community has a collective
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