Phil 1101 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Reasons and ReligionII. Two QuestionsIII. Clifford’s ArgumentIV. Support of Premise TwoV. ZazebskiOutline of Current Lecture I. Why Reasons MatterII. Tradition and CommunityIII. When Communities DisagreeIV. Why Giving Reasons MattersV. Reasons and DemocracyVI. Sum UpCurrent LectureI. Why Reasons Mattera. What is right about Clifford’s idea that it is right to have evidence and reasons forwhat you believeb. Can we have reasons for everything? It seems like sometimes we have to take things for granted.i. Axiomsii. Basic principlesc. We must take some propositions for granted.d. If we must take some propositions for granted, then it is permissible to believe some propositions without evidencee. Therefore, it’s permissible to believe some propositions without evidence.II. Tradition and CommunityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. So maybe sometimes it seems permissible to trust you community’s traditions without explicit wisdomb. Zagzebski: communities can embody wisdomIII. When Communities Disagreea. What happens when communities disagree? Or when a minority disagrees with the majority? How do we resolve such disagreements?i. Use fighting/forceii. Better option: a rational resolution1. Rationally resolving a disagreement requires GIVING A REASON forone side over the other.b. Appeals to authority won’t help when the question is who has the authority.i. So: when you and I disagree over whether an authority or source can be trusted, appealing to that authority or source does not help1. Why? Because that won’t be recognized as a reason by the other sideIV. Why Giving Reasons Mattersa. Reasons matter for peaceful cooperationb. If we are going to cooperate, we must use a ‘community currency’ of reasons andtrusted sourcesV. Reasons and Democracya. Democracy: supposed to justify why we make claims on each other and it’s supposed to justify why the government makes claims on usb. So while lacking reasons may not always have bad consequences…c. GIVING reasons for what you believe is a democratic valuei. Because only by appealing to reasons we can all appreciate, can we rationally resolve disputes between- and within- communitiesVI. Sum Upa. Clifford is wrong that we ALWAYS must have reasons for what we believeb. But the practice of giving reasons an essential value of a civil democratic
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