Phil 1101 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. The Problems of EvilII. The Problem of Evil Argument (Mackie)III. Two basic types of evil/sufferingIV. Easy way out of this problemV. More likely responseVI. 4 initial theist explanations for evilVII. Crux of the problem?VIII. The Free Will Objection?Outline of Current Lecture I. The Problems of EvilII. Problems with free will defenseIII. Stumps solutionIV. AppendixCurrent LectureI. The Problems of Evila. Crux of the Problemi. In order to address the problem, the theist must give an explanation for why:1. Children suffer2. There is so much sufferingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. The Free Will Objectioni. A world where people have free will is better than a world without free will1. Problem: couldn’t we have free will AND no evil?ii. A world where people have the ability to make morally significant choices is better than a world where we have free will but no morally significant choices1. Choices that affect how you live later and allows you the possibility of making bad choices2. Morally significant: things affect you as a moral human being3. Theists’ view: these choices require a world that allows us to makethese decisionsII. Problems with free will defensea. As Stump points out, it doesn’t explain why God allows suffering due to natural causesi. Natural evil allows for the existence of “second-order” goods, such as charity1. What’s so great about second-order goods? Why do we need them at all?b. Hick: It allows us to grow- to “make our soul” and make the world betteri. Perhaps some of the suffering caused by natural evil is required for us if we are to develop some important moral qualitiesii. But not only good things come from natural disasters, not everyone grows from the experiencec. It’s funny to say that charity is so great when it would be better if we didn’t need to be charitable at allIII. Stump’s solutiona. Set-up:i. Human beings are born with ‘defective’ free wills. They are prone to making the wrong choicesii. God can’t fix this directly or it would violate our freedom (inconsistent with the idea that we are autonomous)iii. So a person must freely ask for God’s help in fixing this defectb. Solution:i. Natural evil is due to God wanting us to be “humble” and to encourage usto freely choose help from Godc. Problem with Stump’s solution:i. What about the suffering of innocents?ii. Stump admits this is difficult. She suggests: “a child’s suffering is outweighed by the good for the child which can result from the suffering”1. Problem: not all (indeed, most) suffering by children appears to benefit themIV. Appendix: why MUST God allow suffering?a. THEIST: because of what ‘omnipotence’ meansi. NOT: can do anythingii. Rather: can do anything logically possibleb. X is logically impossible if it is contradictory. A round square. X is physically impossible if it violates the laws of