PESTICIDES Alexander V Lyubimov M D Ph D Director Toxicology Research Laboratory Department of Pharmacology University of Illinois at Chicago Pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing destroying repelling or mitigating any pest US EPA Pest includes harmful destructive or troublesome animals plants or microorganisms APPLICATORS ONLY Are there ANY other populations besides occupationally exposed who can be poisoned by PESTICIDES HOW WE CAN SURVIVE IT NO EFFECT LEVEL NOEL in animals is used to determine Residue Tolerance Limits maximum safe levels of pesticide in food PESTICIDES CLASSIFICATION 1 Insecticides 1 1 Organophosphates most are actually thiophosphates 1 2 Carbamates 1 3 Organochlorines 1 4 Botanical compounds 2 Herbicides 2 1 Chlorophenoxy compounds 2 2 Bipyridyl compounds 2 3 Miscellaneous compounds 3 Rodenticides Continued Continued 4 Fungicides 4 1 HCB 4 2 Organomercurials 4 3 PCP 4 4 Phthalimides 4 5 Dithiocarbamates EBDC Continued Continued 5 Fumigants 5 1 Phosphine 5 2 Ethylene Dibromide Dibromochloropropane DBCP BIPYRIDYL DERIVATIVE Paraquat LD50 22 262 mg kg moderately toxic Target Organ Lung in all species Mechanism of action Free Radical superoxide anion O2 Lipid peroxidation Treatment Gastric lavage mineral adsorbents hemoperfusion No hyperbaric oxygen FUNGICIDES Low acute toxicity LD50 800 10 000 mg kg Cytotoxic Mutagenic mechanism of action to fungus Teratogenic Carcinogenic 90 in animal models HCB Immunosuppression Hepatic and thyroid tumors animals Teratogen transplacental and milk acquisition DITHIOCARBAMATES EBDC Low toxicity Biotransformation Ethylene Thyourea ETU in animals is well known to produce Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity Teratogenicity Embryotoxicity FUMIGANTS Phosphine ALP PH3 Ethylene Dibromide Dibromochloropropane DBCP produce gastric carcinomas DBCP sterility in humans
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