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UIC PCOL 425 - PESTICIDES

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PESTICIDESSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4APPLICATORS ONLY?Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15PESTICIDES CLASSIFICATIONSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Organophosphorus(OP) vs. Carbomates(CB) EstersSlide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Treatment of PoisoningSlide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Chlorophenoxy Herbicides Mechanism of actionSlide 39BIPYRIDYL DERIVATIVE ParaquatSlide 41Slide 42Slide 43FUNGICIDESSlide 45HCBSlide 47Slide 48Slide 49PESTICIDESAlexander V. Lyubimov, M.D., Ph.D.DirectorToxicology Research LaboratoryDepartment of PharmacologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoPesticide is a substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest (US EPA). Pest includes harmful, destructive, or troublesome animals, plants, or microorganisms.APPLICATORS ONLY?Are there ANY other populations (besides occupationally exposed) who can be poisoned by PESTICIDES?HOW WE CAN SURVIVE IT? NO-EFFECT-LEVEL (NOEL) in animalsis used to determine:Residue Tolerance Limits maximum safe levels of pesticide in foodPESTICIDES CLASSIFICATION1.Insecticides1.1 Organophosphates (most are actually thiophosphates)1.2 Carbamates1.3 Organochlorines1.4 Botanical compounds2.Herbicides2.1 Chlorophenoxy compounds2.2 Bipyridyl compounds2.3 Miscellaneous compounds3. Rodenticides* Continued* Continued4. Fungicides 4.1 HCB4.2 Organomercurials4.3 PCP4.4 Phthalimides4.5 Dithiocarbamates (EBDC)* Continued* Continued5. Fumigants5.1 Phosphine 5.2 Ethylene Dibromide / Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)Dealkylation of the intermediate dialkylphosphorylated enzymesOrganophosphorus(OP) vs. Carbomates(CB) EstersOP CBAnti-AChE effect Yes YesPesticide + AChE complexMost stable StableAging Yes NoOPIDIN Yes NoTreatment with Oximes (pralidoxime & toxogonin)Yes NoTreatment of Poisoning•Diazepam (0.3 mg/kg IV, max 10 mg) or Phenobarbital (15 mg/kg IV, max 1 g) to control the convulsions•Anion-exchange resin, cholestyramine enhanced fecal excretion of chlorodecone (reduced reabsorption of compound excreted with bile)Chlorophenoxy HerbicidesMechanism of action•2,4-D interferes with lipid metabolism enhancing lipid utilization in liver.•Induces peroxisome hepatic proliferation •Decreases cholesterol•Induces myotonia by increasing basic p-NPPase (p-nitrophenylphosphatase) activityBIPYRIDYL DERIVATIVEParaquatLD50 ≈ 22 – 262 mg/kg, moderately toxicTarget Organ : Lung in all speciesMechanism of action :Free Radical  superoxide anion, O2-  Lipid peroxidationTreatment : Gastric lavage mineral adsorbents hemoperfusionNo hyperbaric oxygen!FUNGICIDESLow acute toxicityLD50 ~ 800 – 10,000 mg/kg.CytotoxicMutagenic(mechanism of action to fungus)TeratogenicCarcinogenic ~ 90% in animal models.HCBImmunosuppressionHepatic and thyroid tumors (animals)Teratogen(transplacental and milk acquisition)DITHIOCARBAMATES (EBDC) Low toxicity (Biotransformation  Ethylene Thyourea (ETU)in animals is well known to produce:Mutagenicity, CarcinogenicityTeratogenicity, EmbryotoxicityFUMIGANTSPhosphine (ALP  PH3)Ethylene Dibromide / Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)produce:gastric carcinomasDBCP – sterility in


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UIC PCOL 425 - PESTICIDES

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