Thomas M Guenthner Ph D Dept of Pharmacology UIC College of Medicine E418 CMW 312 996 2558 tmg uic edu TOXICOLOGY GASES SOLVENTS AND HOUSEHOLD POISONS Notes on Inhalation Toxicity Gas vs Vapor vs Particulate Exposure Concentrations expressed as parts per million w v micromoles 22 4 Liters at 1 atmosphere LC50 median lethal concentration Hazard Index for solvents Vapor Pressure LC50 MAC Maximal allowable concentration TLV Threshhold limit value Measure of occupational or environmental exposure allowable concentration that produces no adverse effects at exposures of 8 hrs day 5 days week TOXIC GASES Asphyxiants produce Oxygen deprivation Simple Asphyxiants N2 CO2 Anesthetic gases Chemical Asphyxiants CO CN Page 1 of 5 Page 2 of 5 Chemically reactive gases Irritants Upper Respriatory Tract Irritants water soluble absorbed in URT immediate irritation and pathology HCl SO2 Deep Lung Irritants not water soluble inhaled deeply into lung often no immediate irritation and delayed pathology NO2 not N2O O3 PARTICULATE TOXINS smoke soot SiO2 Asbestos fibers Page 3 of 5 SOLVENTS can be gases or vapors depending on Vapor Pressure and Temperature Petroleum Distillates Aliphatic Hydrocarbons straight chain and branched contaminants primarily aromatic Gasoline Kerosene White gas Mineral Spirits have both pulmonary and systemic effects primarily cardiac and CNS Aromatic Hydrocarbons Benzene Toluene Xylene systemic toxicity important benzene myelotoxicity not seen with toluene Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons genotoxins Halogenated Hydrocarbons Methylene chloride CH2Cl2 Chloroform Carbon tetrachloride CHCl3 CCl4 CNS depression cardiac sensitization nephrotoxicity CYP dependent hepatotoxicity genotoxicity Alcohols ethanol alcohol grain alcohol most prevalent and costly toxin H3CCH2OH methanol wood alcohol Sterno H3COH metabolized to formaldehyde formic acid retinal toxicity severe systemic acidosis Page 4 of 5 antidote ethanol isopropanol rubbing alcohol metabolized to acetone ethylene glycol antifreeze metabolized to oxalic acid acidosis kidney damage HOUSEHOLD POISONS Detergents Bleach Corrosive substances Lye Drano NaOH Muriatic Acid HCl Page 5 of 5
View Full Document
Unlocking...