Review Document for lectures 10 & 11 (Selective Toxicity and Sulfonamides)T. GuenthnerLecture 10Refer to your handout and know:Definitions (Chemotherapy, Selective Toxicity, Chemotherapeutic Index)General bases for selective toxicityThe table in the handout summarizes the important ones for the drugs we are presentingGeneral bases for drug resistance (again summarized in h.o.)How R-factor plasmids workHow environmental antibiotics encourage the development of multiresistant organismsLecture 11Sulfonamides:Know the basic sulfonamide structure and how it relates to PABAKnow in a general way the folate synthesis pathway, and where it is affected by sulfonamidesand trimethoprimKnow why they are selectively toxic to microorganismsImportant factors of disposition are: rapid absorbtion, high degree of plasma protein binding,metabolism, elimination.Know major toxicities and side effects (ESP. Hematological and dermatological)How do bacteria become resistant?Compare mechanism of action of trirnethoprim to that of SA'sWhat combinations are usedWhy is this an effective combinationKnow short acting vs. long actingKnow names of 4 major short acting and 1 long actingWhy are non-absorbable SA's used?Major uses for bacterial and non-bacterial infectionsQuinolones (oxacin drugs)What is their common structural feature?How do they work?Why are they selectively toxic?What side effects are known?What is their general clinical usefulness?Study Aid for lectures 12, 13, 19-21; M. RadulovackiLectures 12 & 131 .Know the components of bacterial composition.2. Know the mechanism of antimicrobial activity for penicillins, cephalosporins,bacitracin. cyclosporin. aztreonam, imipenem, and the aminoglycosides.3. Know the classification of penicillins and cephalosporins according to their chemicalstructure and their antimicrobial spectrum.4. Know the most common adverse effects of the antimicrobial drugs.Lecture 191 .Know the major symptoms of tuberculosis and leprosy.2. Know the mechanism of action of first and second line of anti-TB drugs.3. Know the antimycobacterial agents used in prophylaxis and treatment of TB.4. Know the most common adverse effects of the therapy.Lecture 201. Know the topical and systemic antifungal agents.2. Know the mechanism of action of antifungal agents.3. Know the differences in absorption and adverse effects of imidazoles and triazoles.4. Know the serious adverse effects of systemic antifungal agents.Lecture 211 .Know the major svmptoms of malaria, onchocerciasis, amebiasis, and giardiasis.2. Know the drugs of choice and mechanism of action of antihelminthic agents.3. Know the mechanism of action, prophylactic and therapeutic use of antimalarialdrugs.4. Know the major adverse effects.Study Aid for Lectures 14, 15-17; G.C. Le BretonLecture 14:1. Know the mechanism of antimicrobial activity for the tetracyclines, chloramphenicol andthe macrolides.2. Know the mechanisms of bacterial resistance.3. Know the most common applications of these antibiotics for the treatment of disease.4. Know the most common side affects or drug interactions.Lectures 15&16:1. If given the name of an antineoplastic, know how to place it in a specific class. For thealkylating agents know the subclasses, e.g., nitrosoureas which can cross the bloodbrain barrier. 2. Know the mechanism of cytotoxicity of the different classes. 3. Most antineoplastics inhibit bone marrow function. Remember the exceptions to this rule,e.g., vincristine, asparginase, bleomycin.4. Regarding therapeutic uses: Remember those drugs which are listed as “drug of choice”,“most effective agent”or named combination regimen, e.g., MOPP . For the rest, dividethe neoplastic diseases into categories and list the drugs from each class which can beused. For the most part the uses in the handout are listed in the order of theireffectiveness. Know at least one application for each drug.5. Know how resistance can develop and specific drug interactions.Lecture 17:1. Know different classes of immunosuppressants.2. Know which drugs interfere with T or B cell function as well as their uses and toxicities.3. Know the most common side
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