Homework Set 4:Make a ONE-TWO page study guide (typed) highlighting the key concepts presented for:A. Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance and LinkageB. Extensions of Mendel’s ModelC. Population Genetics, Hardy-WeinbergD. SelectionE. Mutation, Migration, Genetic Drift and InbreedingF. Sexual SelectionG. Misconceptions about EvolutionH. Speciation As you are creating your study guide, underline the concepts that you find the most difficult to understand or use. Prior to handing in this study guide, place a star next to the underlined concepts that you feel you have mastered.Elephant seals• Females haul out in large groups on small beaches• Males battle for territories on beaches• Males mate with females in their territories*– Actually fighting for females; winners monopolize matingsAsymmetry in reproductive success• Few males leave lots of offspring• Most males leave none• Most females leave someExamples of dimorphismMALES ARE BLACKFEMALES ARE CREAM-COLOREDMY FAVORITE PRIMATES. . . Lemurs!Eulemur macacoMisconceptions aboutEvolutionTargets of selection• Selection acts on individuals, but evolutionary change occurs in populations • Individuals DO NOT change, only populations change.– If selection is for blue eyes, individuals do not develop blue eyes, blue-eyed individuals leave more offspringAdaptation• Adaptation (n, adj): Occurs when a population changes in response to some selective environment; change in allele frequencies• Acclimatization: individual changes in response to environmental change; no change in individual’s allelesEvolution is not progressive• Organisms have not gotten better, more advanced, nor more complex. They’ve developed adaptations to suit theirenvironment.• Natural selection favors traits that enhance reproductive ability, rather than those that are more complexTree not a LadderNot all traits are adaptive• Vestigial traits– “Legs” (anal spurs) on snakes and some lizards are useless– cave dwelling fish have eyes, but there are no photons to detect.Evolution may not “optimize”• Genetic constraints– Selection for one trait may “carry along” another, maladaptive trait, if genetic correlation exists between traits• Beaks can’t be deep and narrow; wide always accompanies deep…so far.• Historical constraints– Natural selection operates on materials at hand• Only acts existing traits. Cannot create
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