How to create a unique environment?Insert proteins in membrane that cantransport molecules into cells.Do membrane proteins affect ion/molecule permeability?3 classes of membrane proteins• Ionophore Channels• Transporters• pumpsElectrochemical gradients across membranesIonophore- an ion moverFacilitated diffusion via a channel proteinH+, K+Glucose transporterKasahara and HinkleFacilitated DiffusionGlucose + ATP ----> Glucose-6-P + ADPGroup Translocation SystemsActive Transport(Pumps)Active Transport Mechanisms• Major facilitator superfamily of transport proteins• ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporter systems Move molecule against its concentration gradient One or more membrane proteins required Require an expenditure of energyEnergy- electrochemical energy (proton motive force)ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporter
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