Slide 1LEARNING OBJECTIVESMANAGEMENT CHALLENGESCENTRALIZED / DISTRIBUTEDCLIENT / SERVERSlide 6DOWNSIZINGNETWORK COMPUTERSSOURCE DATA AUTOMATIONSlide 10TECHNOLOGY TRENDS6.1LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES•COMPARE ARRANGEMENTS OF COMPARE ARRANGEMENTS OF COMPUTER PROCESSING: COMPUTER PROCESSING: CLIENT/SERVER, NETWORKCLIENT/SERVER, NETWORK•DESCRIBE MULTIMEDIA, TRENDSDESCRIBE MULTIMEDIA, TRENDS**6.3MANAGEMENT CHALLENGESMANAGEMENT CHALLENGES•INFO TECHNOLOGY TRENDSINFO TECHNOLOGY TRENDS**6.4•CENTRALIZED:CENTRALIZED: PROCESSING BY CENTRAL PROCESSING BY CENTRAL COMPUTER SITECOMPUTER SITE–ONE STANDARDONE STANDARD–GREATER CONTROLGREATER CONTROL•DISTRIBUTED:DISTRIBUTED: PROCESSING BY SEVERAL PROCESSING BY SEVERAL COMPUTER SITES LINKED BY NETWORKSCOMPUTER SITES LINKED BY NETWORKS–MORE FLEXIBILITYMORE FLEXIBILITY–FASTER RESPONSEFASTER RESPONSE**CENTRALIZED / DISTRIBUTEDCENTRALIZED / DISTRIBUTED6.31•NETWORKED COMPUTERSNETWORKED COMPUTERS•CLIENT:CLIENT: user (PC, workstation, laptop) user (PC, workstation, laptop) requires data, application, requires data, application, communications it does not havecommunications it does not have•SERVER:SERVER: component (computer) component (computer) having desired data, application, having desired data, application, communicationscommunications**CLIENT / SERVERCLIENT / SERVER6.32CLIENT SERVERREQUESTSDATA, SERVICEUSER INTERFACEUSER INTERFACEAPPLICATION APPLICATION FUNCTIONFUNCTIONDATADATAAPPLICATION FUNCTIONAPPLICATION FUNCTIONNETWORK RESOURCESNETWORK RESOURCESCLIENT / SERVERCLIENT / SERVER6.33DOWNSIZINGDOWNSIZINGTRANSFER APPLICATIONS FROM LARGE TRANSFER APPLICATIONS FROM LARGE COMPUTERS TO SMALLCOMPUTERS TO SMALL•REDUCES COSTREDUCES COST•SPEEDS RESULTS TO USERSPEEDS RESULTS TO USER•COMPUTER ASSIGNED TASK IT DOES COMPUTER ASSIGNED TASK IT DOES BESTBEST•COOPERATIVE PROCESSINGCOOPERATIVE PROCESSING**6.34NETWORK COMPUTERSNETWORK COMPUTERS•NETWORK COMPUTER:NETWORK COMPUTER: simplified simplified desktop computer stores minimum data desktop computer stores minimum data to function (uses server)to function (uses server)•TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIPTOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP (TCO):(TCO): total cost of owning technology total cost of owning technology resources (hardware, software, upgrades, resources (hardware, software, upgrades, maintenance, technical support, training)maintenance, technical support, training)**6.35SOURCE DATA AUTOMATIONSOURCE DATA AUTOMATIONCAPTURES DATA IN COMPUTER FORM AT TIME & CAPTURES DATA IN COMPUTER FORM AT TIME & PLACE OF TRANSACTIONPLACE OF TRANSACTION•OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION (OCR):OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION (OCR): saves characters, formatsaves characters, format•BAR CODE:BAR CODE: identifies products in stores, identifies products in stores, warehouses, shipmentswarehouses, shipments•MAGNETIC INK CHARACTERMAGNETIC INK CHARACTER RECOGNITION RECOGNITION (MICR):(MICR): special ink identifies bank, account, special ink identifies bank, account, amountamount**6.45SOURCE DATA AUTOMATIONSOURCE DATA AUTOMATION•PEN-BASED INPUT:PEN-BASED INPUT: digitizes signaturedigitizes signature•DIGITAL SCANNER: translates images & DIGITAL SCANNER: translates images & characters into digital formcharacters into digital form•VOICE INPUT DEVICES:VOICE INPUT DEVICES: converts spoken converts spoken word into digital formword into digital form•SENSORS:SENSORS: devices that collect dat devices that collect data from a from environment for computer input (e.g., environment for computer input (e.g., thermometers, pressure gauges)thermometers, pressure gauges)**6.46TECHNOLOGY TRENDSTECHNOLOGY TRENDS•INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIAINTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA•VIRTUAL REALITYVIRTUAL REALITY•ENHANCED WORLD WIDE WEBENHANCED WORLD WIDE WEB•SUPERCHIPSSUPERCHIPS•FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERSFIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS•MASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTERSMASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTERS•SMART CARDSSMART