1 GEOL 1312 Class 2: Elements, Minerals, Igneous & Sedimentary Rocks Class updates: Reading: Sections 2.1-2.6, 3.1-3.2,3.4 Today’s topics: Atoms & elements Mineral types & properties Igneous rocks & processes! Metamorphic rocks & processes From Big to Small2 What is a Mineral? Are These Minerals? Synthetic gemstones Amber Pearls Diamond Ice Glass What is an Element?3 Important Elements in the Crust What is an Atom? Particle Mass Charge Proton 1 +1 Neutron 1 0 Electron 0 -1 nucleus Is the nucleus positively or negatively charged? What gives the nucleus its charge? If an atom has a neutral charge (no charge), how many electrons & protons does it have? Particle Mass Charge Proton 1 +1 Neutron 1 0 Electron 0 -1 nucleus Atom Review4 Atoms & Elements Ions Ions5 Compounds Other Bonds Compounds & Minerals Au Ag Cu6 Crystals cubic! dodecahedron! octahedral!Crystal Shapes fluorite garnet calcite Physical Properties of Minerals Crystal habit (shape) Cleavage & fracture Hardness Specific gravity Color Streak Luster Taste Reaction to Acid Other…7 Crystal Habit Quartz: elongated crystals Quartz: no characteristic shape Cleavage & Fracture Hardness (hardest) (softest)8 Specific Gravity Au: 19 Quartz: 2.7 Color Streak hematite pyrite9 Luster Geranium (metallic) Gypsum (non-metallic: pearly) Quartz (non-metallic: glassy) Other Mineral Classes10 Silicates (Si + O) Si O O O O quartz feldspar biotite amphibole Silicates Carbonates limestone dolostone111213 Porphyry Obsidian Basalt Lava Rhyolite Granite Gabbro Felsic Mafic Ultramafic Andesite14 Igneous Rocks Summary Igneous Rocks Summary15 Clay (soft) bake Ceramic (hard) Metamorphism: Pressure16 Olivine Basalt Serpentinite Metamorphism: Fluid Activity Water Metamorphic Grade17 Metamorphic Changes Deformation Foliation Quartzite18 regional metamorphism Basalt Serpentinite
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