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Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Fig.4.11aSlide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Fig.4.20Fig.4.22aSlide 30Fig.4.22bSlide 32Slide 33Slide 34Class 1: Plate Tectonics ReviewToday’s topics: Earth’s compositional layers Plate tectonics: theory & actionsEarth’s Compositional LayersAtmosphere & HydrosphereCrustMantleCoreEarth’s Atmosphere & HydrosphereEarth’s Crustmore denserelatively lightCRUSTEarth’s MantleMANTLEmore densethan crustCRUSTEarth’s CorehighestdensityCRUSTMANTLECOREEarth’s Magnetic Fieldrocky coreEarthRequirements for magnetic field: 1. rotation2. heat flow, convecting fluid3. a mobile conductor (iron or metallic hydrogen)Global Earthquake LocationsGlobal Volcano LocationsLinking ObservationsContinental DriftContinental Drift (movie)Ages of the Ocean FloorMa = Million years ago1 billion years = 1 Gyr1 million years = 1 Myr1 thousand years = 1 kyrHeat FlowWarm colors = higher heat flowCool colors = lower heat flowhigh atocean ridgesGlobal Topography and BathymetryoceanridgesThe Puzzle Solved…..earthquake locationsvolcano locationssea floor agesea floor bathymetry+ heat flow too!Earth’s Tectonic PlatesEarth’s Tectonic Plates (movie)Lithosphere & AsthenospherePlate BoundariesDivergent Plate BoundariesSeafloor Spreading (movie)Convergent Plate Boundaries123Seafloor Subduction (movie)Transform Plate Boundarystrike-slipfaultingTransform Faulting (movie)Plate BoundariesHotspotsHot Spotshot spot trailHot (not molten) rising plumelithosphereDirection of plate Direction of plate motionmotionFormation of Island ChainsV1V1melting at base of crustV1Formation of Island Chains (movie)Example: The Hawaiian ChainFixedhot spot• Earth’s crust is divided into plates• Plates move relative to one another at 1-15 cm/yr• Plate interiors are largely undisturbed• Deformation is concentrated at plate boundariesConsequences:• Plate tectonics constantly change Earth’s surface• Earthquakes occur mostly at plate boundaries• Volcanoes occur mostly at plate boundariesBasic Premise of Plate Tectonics1. Examine volcanic rocks Q: what was the source for magma?How do we explore Earth’s interior?2. Observe seismic waves from earthquakes Q: where are the layers, what are their densities?3. Examine meteorites Q: what are they made of? like the core? 4. Existence and behavior of geomagnetic field Q: what is the core doing?• Satellites 1 (Moon)• Size (radius) 6378 km• Bulk density 5.5 g/cm3 (4.1 g/cm3uncompressed)• Surface gravity 9.8 m/s2• Tectonism, volcanism yes (today)• Rotation 1 day• Orbit 365.25 days• Atmosphere 78% N2, 21% O2• Surface pressure 1 atm• Surface temperature 20°C (diurnal, seasonal changes)• Plate tectonics yes• Water


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UTEP GEOL 1312 - Plate Tectonics Review

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