Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Money and TimeII. CommunityIII. Eroding/Fragmentation of CommunityOutline of Current LectureIV. CommunityV. TönniesVI. Gesellschaft and GemeinschaftVII. Structural FunctionalismCurrent LectureIn Support of Community-community not lost... just transformed SOA 240 1st Edition -treating community as networks of personal relationships rather than ‘place’-defining characteristic of community-what people do for each other, not where they live (Wellman 1999)-we connect for a purpose, do no necessarily need shared physical spaceTheories for Studying Community-typological approach-networks as communities-ecological approach/human ecology-structural functionalism-symbolic interactionism-conflict approach (community power)-communitarian approachTypological Approach-most fundamental and important-WHY?-first to follow historical transition in society-typologies-trace a rural to urban continuuMFerdinand Tönnies-development of industrial capitalism was associates with change in basis of social cohesionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-collective will (group norms)-significance: contrasting ideal types of communities on opposite ends of continuum-rural to urbanGemeinschaft & Gesellschaft-two TYPOLOGIES of community-Gemeinschaft Community- “natural will”-ELEMENTS...-strong identification with community-emotionalism-traditionalism-holistic conceptions of other members of community-Gesellschaft Community- “rational will”-ELEMENTS...-relationships based on rational will-individualism/self-interest-competition-legalism-little or no identification with community-ideal types- hypothetical-no society that is ALL gemeinschaft or ALL gesellschaft exists-used to compare relationships, observe movement towards one extreme or anotherKey Themes of Tönnies-view of community as representing a particular quality of social relationships among members of a social group involving intimacy, emotional attachment, sentiment-community was declining or in process of being “lost”Human Ecology Approach-focus on spatial patterns of urban environment and how they influence social interaction-human community conceived as a response by human beings to their need to scure resources from environment and ensure their survival-use ecological concepts to explain structure/dynamics of American cities:-competition-dominance-successionPark’s Image of Community-three main principles-city life as complex division of labor driven by industrial competition-large-scale, formal bureaucracies replace informal face-to-face interaction-emphasis on social/psychological aspectsTheory and Community Issues-applying the ecological approach to a current community issue... uptown normal redevelopment-shows how redevelopment is not random, structured to enhance community interactionStructural Functionalism-reformulate the Human Ecology approach-defined community as: “structure of relationships through which localized population provides its daily requirements (pg 4)-structured system of social units through which we adapt to environment, secures resources for survival-key difference: de-emphasized role of competition in influencing the structure of communityVertical and Horizontal Networks-vertical patterns/networks- ties that are in hierarchal relationship to one another, often ties to networks that are EXTERNAL to the community-horizontal patterns/networks- ties that are at same or similar level of authority; often ties to networks that are INTERNAL to the