TissuesConnective Tissue FunctionConnective Tissue CharacteristicsSlide 4Connective Tissue TypesLacks ExposureComponentsSpecialized Cell TypesFibroblastsMacrophagesLymphocytesMesenchymalAdipocyteMelanocyteSlide 15MatrixProtein fibersCollagen fibersReticular fibersElastic fibersEhlers Danlos SyndromeConnective Tissue CategoriesConnective Tissue ProperLoose Connective Tissue ProperAreolar TissueAdipose TissueReticular TissueDense Connective Tissue ProperDense Regular Connective Tissue ProperSlide 30Dense Irregular Connective Tissue ProperSlide 32Fluid Connective TissueSupporting Connective TissueCartilageGeneral Cartilage CharacteristicsCartilageSlide 38FibrocartilageSlide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Hyaline CartilageSlide 45Slide 46Elastic CartilageSlide 48Slide 49BoneSlide 51OsteoblastOsteocyteOsteoprogenitor CellOsteoclastBone Tissue TypesCompact BoneCompact BoneSlide 59Compact Bone is made of OsteonOsteon StructureCentral CanalLamellaeCanaliculiSlide 65Perforating CanalTissuesChapter 3Connective Tissue Function•Support for entire body•Transports fluid and dissolved material•Protects and provides structure for viscera •Protects and provides structure for surrounding tissues•Nutrient and mineral storage•Defends body from pathogensConnective Tissue Characteristics•Most abundant & widespread tissue type•Never exposed to body surface•Comprised of 3 components–Specialized cells–Extracellular Protein fibers•Contributes to matrix–Ground substance •Contributes to matrixConnective Tissue Characteristics•No cellularity- extracellular matrix•No polarity•Innervated & vascular•Physical & functional support•Variable matrix consistency amongst tissue types–Fluid -semi-solid–Semi-fluid -solidConnective Tissue TypesLacks ExposureNO PolarityComponents•Specialized cells –Vary by tissue type ex. Fibroblast, chondrocyte•Matrix–Extracellular protein fibers–Ground substance (fluid)Specialized Cell Types •Fibroblasts•Macrophages•Lymphocytes•Mesenchymal•Adipocyte•MelanocyteFibroblasts•Most abundant cell•Secretes –Protein fibers•Proteoglycans–Matrix•Hyaluronan•Function–Maintains matrixMacrophages•Immune cell•Function to engulf damaged cells & pathogens•Signal immune systemLymphocytes•Immune cell (Wandering cells)•Functions in immune responsesMesenchymal•Connective tissue stem cells•Pluripotent- “undetermined”•Differentiates into other cell types–Adult Stem cell•Function- –Replacement & repair in adult tissues–Embryonic developmentAdipocyte•Adipocyte•Stores lipid reserves•Function- support, protection, energy reserves & insulationMelanocyte•Synthesize & secrete brown pigment–Melanin•Function- protection from UV, colorationMatrix•Ground substance –Vary in viscosity–Fluid to solid•Contains–Hyaluronan•viscosity–Proteoglycans•consistency–Glycoproteins•consistencyProtein fibers•Collagen•Reticular•ElasticCollagen fibers•“Colla” = glue•Most common matrix fiber type•Long, straight, unbranched & thick chains•Strongest•High tensile strength–Resistant to pulling–Flexible •25% of the body’s proteinReticular fibers•Similar to Collagen–Collagen proteins•Thinner & branched–Not as strong but more flexible•Creates 3-D net of tensile strength•Ex organs like liver, spleenElastic fibers•Bundles of elastic protein–elastin•Thin, branching, wavy, dk stain•Highly distensible–150x original length–LOW tensile strength–High RecoilEhlers Danlos SyndromeConnective Tissue Categories•Connective tissue proper–Loose–dense•Fluid connective tissue–Blood–lymph•Supporting connective tissue–Cartilage–BoneConnective Tissue Proper•Mixture of specialized cells and protein fibers•Viscous ground substance•2 main types–Loose connective tissue proper–Dense connective tissue properLoose Connective Tissue Proper•Matrix is loose open framework•Spaces often visible•Least specialized tissue–“Packing” material•Contains specialized cells, protein fibers, & is well vascularized•Separates skin from muscle–Protection & motility–Supports epithelium–May store fat•Ex areolar, adipose, reticularAreolar Tissue•Least specialized•Lots of space•Viscous matrix•Padding and separation of tissue layersAdipose Tissue•High proportion of adipocytes•Padding, insulation, shock absorptionReticular Tissue•Contain reticular fibers•Forms 3D nature of soft organsDense Connective Tissue Proper•Dense compact matrix•High proportion of collagen fibers–High tensile strength•No to little visible space•Function for attachment, stabilization•Dense regular–Ex tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis•Dense irregular–Dermis of skinDense Regular Connective Tissue ProperDense Regular Connective Tissue ProperDense Irregular Connective Tissue ProperDense Irregular Connective Tissue ProperFluid Connective Tissue•Specialized cells- –Ex. Red & white blood cells, platelets–Lymph, lymphocytes•Copious fluid extracellular matrix–Low viscosity–Plasma–Lymph•Dissolved protein–Fibrin•Primarily functional role–Ex blood & lymphSupporting Connective Tissue•Physical framework•Less diverse cell types•Matrix of dense protein fibers•Ground substance relatively solid•Cells reside in Lacuna(e)•Two categories–Cartilage–BoneCartilage •“chondros” = cartilage•Specialized cells–Chondrocytes•Protein fibers–Collagen fibers–Elastic fibers–Physical properties depend on matrix composition•Ground substance–Chondroitin sulfate adds viscosityGeneral Cartilage Characteristics•Avascular–diffusion•Dense ground substance- –resists compression –resilient•Perichondrium–Dense CT proper•Support, protection, attachment–Cellular layer•Growth & maintenance–Absent on articular carilage•3 cartilage types–Fibrocartilage–Hyaline cartilage–Elastic cartilageCartilageavascularperichondrium No polarityFibrocartilage•Strongest cartilage•Compression, tear resistance, strong attachment•Matrix–Chondrocytes visible–Densely packed collagen fibers–Little ground substance•Function–Cushion & shock absorption–Prevent bone-bone contact•Location–Pelvis, intervertebral disks, knee jointFibrocartilageHyaline Cartilage•Hyalos= “glass”•Tough but flexible•Most abundant cartilage•Weakest cartilage•Matrix–Collagen & chondroitin–shiny•Function–Support, friction