Skeletal SystemSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Bone TypesCompact BoneSlide 7Slide 8Slide 9Spongy BoneSlide 11Slide 12Bone ClassificationLong BonesFlat BonesSutural BonesIrregular BonesShort BonesSesamoid BonesBone LandmarksLong Bone StructureSlide 22EpiphysisSlide 24DiaphysisSlide 26MetaphysisSlide 28Associated Connective TissueFunctionSlide 31PeriosteumGrowth & MaintenanceSlide 34AttachmentSlide 36Bone Blood SupplyBlood SupplySkeletal SystemSkeletal System•Aka Osseous tissue•Dynamic•Solid matrix–Calcium salts–hydroxyapatite•Calcium phosphate 2/3 bone wt•Calcium hydroxide•Two divisions–Axial skeleton–Appendicular skeletonSkeletal System•Support weight•Mineral storage•Blood cell production•Protection•Leverage- movementBone Types•Compact bone•Spongy boneCompact BoneCompact Bone•Thickness based on physical stress•Surface contours shaped by external physical forces•On surface of ALL bones•Shaft- Long portion of bones•Periosteum absent in joint•Articular cartilage–hyaline•Osteon–Parallel to long axis of shaft–Parallel to longitudinal forceShaftResist linear stressSpongy Bone•Fill ends of long bone•Resist stress in multiple directions–Trabeculae brace bone from within–Align along stress lines–Ie weight bearing, muscle attachmentSpongy BoneBone Classification•Long bones•Flat bones•Sutural bones•Irregular bones•Short bones•Sesamoid bonesLong BonesFlat BonesSutural BonesIrregular BonesShort BonesSesamoid BonesBone LandmarksLong Bone Structure•Epiphyses•Diaphysis aka shaft–Medullary cavity•Metaphysis•CortexEpiphysis•Aka head-•Epi= above physis= growth•Structure–Primarily spongy bone–Thin covering of compact bone–Filled with red bone marrow & blood stem cells–Ends covered with articular cartilage–Borders region of bone growth•Function–Strength & lightness–Hemopoiesis- cell blood formation•Location–Found at ends of long boneDiaphysis•Dia= through- growing between•Aka shaft•Structure–Long slightly curved region–Primarily compact bone–Contains marrow (medullary cavity)- yellow marrow•Areolar & adipose tissue•Function–Support for blood vessel and energy storage•Location–Between endsMetaphysis•“union”•Structure–Adult- spongy bone–Juvenile- hyaline cartilage/ bone•Function–Site of bone growth•Location–Area where epiphysis & diaphysis come togetherAssociated Connective Tissue•Periosteum–Covers outer surface of bone•Endosteum–Covers inner surface of bone–Inner cell layer•Osteoprogenitor•Osteoblast•OsteoclastFunction•Secures blood vessels and nerves•Growth & repair•Attaches surrounding connective tissueAssociated Connective TissuePeriosteumGrowth & MaintenanceendosteumGrowth & MaintenanceendosteumAttachment•Attach tendons, ligaments, joint structures•Fibers interwoven with periosteum & osseous tissue•STRONG! Bone tissue connectionsBone Blood Supply•Nutrient artery & vein–Enter medullary cavity thru diaphysis–Nutrient foramen–Proximal & distal branches–Supply central (Haversion) canals•Periosteal vessels–Small vessels at periosteum–Supply superficial osteons of diaphysis•Metaphyseal vessels–Enter at metaphysis–Supply inner surface of epiphysisBlood
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