Chemistry 153A Spring 2004What you will learn in this classChapter 1: Introduction and BackgroundElemental composition of the human bodyBiological StructuresComposition of a typical bacterial cellDiagram of a eukaryotic cellMetabolic ProcessesMetabolic Processes (cont’d)Chemistry 153ASpring 2004Instructor:Professor Joan S. ValentineWhat you will learn in this class•Composition, structure & function of proteins, carbohydrates, & lipids•Enzyme kinetics, catalysis & regulation•Central metabolic pathways: (Glycolysis,Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative phosphorylation)Chapter 1: Introduction and Background•Organization and Structure of Cells–Prokaryotic cells•a single (plasma) membrane•no nucleus or organelles–Eukaryotic cells•much larger in size than prokaryotes•103-104 times larger!•nucleus plus many organelles•ER, golgi, mitochondria, etc.Elemental composition of the human body H, O, C and N make up 99+% of atoms in the human body ELEMENT PERCENTAGEOxygen 63Hydrogen 25.2Carbon 9.5Nitrogen 1.4Biological Structures•Types of biological molecules–Proteins (all synthesized from the same 20 species of amino acids)–Nucleic acids (made from 8 types of nucleotides)–Polysaccharides (made from 8 commonly occurring types of sugars)–Lipids (made up of alcohols and fatty acids)Composition of a typical bacterial cell• Contains many large macromolecules to carry out life processes • Indicates that even a simple bacterial cell is complexDiagram of a eukaryotic cellMetabolic Processes•Catabolism–Degradation; breakdown of chemical compounds for energy or cell use•Anabolism –Biosynthesis; formation of biomolecules from simpler compounds•Catabolic pathways usually release energy(ex. Lipids fatty acids ATP)•The energy released from catabolic reactions (in the form of ATP) is used in anabolic pathways(protein synthesis)Metabolic Processes
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