PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Chp.14 Principles of Bioenergetics Metabolism = the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in a cell or organism.Bioenergetics = the quantitative study of how and how much energy is utilized by living systems.Voet & VoetFig. 15-1AMetabolic“Map”Biological Systems Obey the PhysicalLaws of ThermodynamicsH = U + PVG = H - TSG = Gibbs Free EnergyH = EnthalpyS = EntropyU = Internal EnergyFree Energy Calculations:G < 0, product formation is favoredG = 0, reaction at equilibriumG > 0, substrate formation favoredG = G'o + RT ln[C] [D] [A] [B]c da bAt equilibrium,If all [i] = 1 M,cdabG'o = -RT ln eq eqeqeq[C] [D] [A] [B]aA + bB cC + dD , GrxnenzymeG = G'oWhy is ATP a “high-energy” compound ?ioninner sphereouter sphereAnionCationWater Structure SurroundingCharged MetabolitesGarrett & GrishamFig. 3.8ATP iskineticallyverystableCreatine...... a logical nutritional supplement ?!#G = -nFEE = E' + lnoRT [e- acceptor] nF [ e- donor]E = reduction potential F = Faraday's constant n = number
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