PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Glycolysis and Catabolism of HexosesRead entire chapter. Memorize Glycolysis, Lactic Acid Fermentation, Ethanol Fermentation, and Pentose Phosphate Pathway.You need to know structures and names of substrates and intermediates and names of enzymes.Lactic Acid FermentationEthanol Fermentationglucoseglucose 6-phosphatefructose 6-phosphatefructose 1,6-bisphosphateglyceraldehyde 3-phosphate+dihydroxyacetone phosphateC6H7O(OH)5= C6H12O6-OH + OPO32--OH + OPO32-2 C3H5O2(OPO32-) C6H7O(OH)3(OPO32-) 2= C6H10O4(OPO32-) 2Non-RedoxisomerizationcleavageStep 1: Phosphorylation of GlucoseFrom Chapter 8Induced Fit in Hexokinase(Figure 8-21)D-glucoseStep 2: Conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphateStep 3: Phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphateStep 4: Cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphateStep 5: Interconversion of the triose phosphatesglyceraldehyde 3-phosphate1,3-bisphosphoglycerate3-phosphoglycerate2-phosphoglyceratephosphoenolpyruvatepyruvateRedoxNAD+/NADHWhat is a redox reaction?NAD+ + H - NADH orNAD+ + H + + 2e- NADHNAD+ is oxidizing agent Step 6: Oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerateExample of an acyl phosphate, an anhydride of a carboxylic acid and phosphoric acidStep 7: Phosphoryl transfer from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADPStep 8: Conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerateStep 9: Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvatePhosphoenolpyruvate , PEPFrom Chapter 8(Figure 8-22)Step 10: Transfer of a phosphoryl group from PEP to ADPEnzymes are usually studied in dilute solution, but they often function in multimeric aggregates inside the cell.Substrate Channeling:Intermediates may be handed off from one enzyme to another without ever becoming free in solution.Glycolysis does not require O2 from air, but it does require the oxidant NAD+Ethanol fermentation in yeast and other microorganismsLactic acid fermentation in several types of animal cells and some microorganismsReactions 1-10 are glucose to pyruvate andreaction 11 is pyruvate to lactate.At concentrations in RBCStandard state conditionsThiamine pyrophosphate and its role in pyruvate decarboxylationDerived from vitamin B1Mechanism of Pyruvate DecarboxylaseWhat if you have some other sugar to start with?Removal of a terminal glucose residue from the nonreducing end of a glycogen chain by glycogen phosphorylaseGlycogen and starch are degraded by
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