Objectives Objectives (continued)What is Software Engineering? Software Development Life CycleSoftware Development Life Cycle (continued)Software Development Life Cycle (continued)Creating the Design DocumentStep 1: Learn the Current System and NeedsStep 2: Create UML DiagramsSome Types of UML DiagramsTypes of UML Diagrams (continued)Types of UML Diagrams (continued)Step 3: Create the Data DictionaryStep 4: Design ReportsStep 5: Structuring the Logical Flow of the ApplicationStep 6: Start Building the PrototypeStep 7: Putting All of the Pieces Together Step 7: Putting All of the Pieces Together (continued)Avoiding the PitfallsThe Project Development TeamThe Project Development Team (continued)The Project Development Team (continued)One Last ThoughtSummarySummary (continued)Summary (continued)Summary (continued)Connecting with Computer Science 2Objectives • Learn how software engineering is used to create applications• Learn some of the different software engineering process models• Understand what a design document is and how it should be used during software development• Be introduced to the proper steps in formulating a design document used in creating an applicationConnecting with Computer Science 3Objectives (continued)• Learn how Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams can be used as a blueprint in creating an application• See some of the pitfalls in developing software, and learn how to avoid them• Gain an understanding of how teams are used in application developmentConnecting with Computer Science 4What is Software Engineering? • The process of producing software applications– Source code and data– UML diagrams and screen prototypes– Requirements and reports– Future development issues• The end user is the driving force behind software development– Determines the required functionality of the programConnecting with Computer Science 5Software DevelopmentLife Cycle• Describes the life of the application including the development, testing, installation, and maintenance of the program• Elements of the SDLC– Project feasibility– Software specification– Software design and implementation– Software validation– Software evolutionConnecting with Computer Science 6Software DevelopmentLife Cycle (continued)• Models of the software development process– Waterfall• The output from each development phase is used as the input to the next phase– Build and fix• The developer writes a program and continues to modify it until the system is functional– Rapid prototyping• Tools allow end users to work with user interface prototypes before building the final productConnecting with Computer Science 7Software Development Life Cycle (continued)– Incremental• Development with a series of software releases– Spiral• Cycles through the waterfall approach until all functionality has been completed– Extreme programming (XP)• Places emphasis on teamwork and feedback– Agile Software Development• Focuses on customer satisfaction through continual delivery and modifications of software productsConnecting with Computer Science 8Figure 12-1The “waterfall” model of software developmentConnecting with Computer Science 9Creating the Design Document• A design document details all of the design issues for an application– Issues include screen layouts, colors, reports, security, paths for files, online help, user documentation, future plans, and more• Acts like a blueprint for the system• Based upon good communication with the end user in determining requirementsConnecting with Computer Science 10Figure 12-2Process of creating a design documentConnecting with Computer Science 11Step 1: Learn the Current System and Needs• Case Study: a media inventory for a music store• Initial task is to establish the end user’s (owner of the music store) needs and goals– Ask client to give you samples of desired reports• Document information client gives you– Dig for more information if necessary• Write the project objectives or introduction, specifications, and requirementsConnecting with Computer Science 12Figure 12-3A design document includes the project introduction, specifications, and requirementsConnecting with Computer Science 13Step 2: Create UML Diagrams• Unified Modeling Process (UML) enables developers to create a visual blueprint of the functionality of the system– Provides a way for the client and developer to communicate– Visual diagrams are created before any lines of source code are written • Tools such as Microsoft Visio can be used to create UML diagramsConnecting with Computer Science 14Figure 12-4Creating UML diagrams in Microsoft VisioConnecting with Computer Science 15Some Types of UML Diagrams• Class – Shows how different object classes relate to each other• Object– Gives details of an object created from a class• Use case– Describes a system’s behavior from a user’s standpointConnecting with Computer Science 16Types of UML Diagrams (continued)• State– Shows an object’s particular state at any given time• Sequence– Shows how one class communicates with another class by sending messages back and forth• Activity– Shows activities that occur within a use case or within an object’s behaviorConnecting with Computer Science 17Types of UML Diagrams (continued)• Collaboration– Shows how system elements work together to accomplish the system’s objectives• Component– Shows how system components relate to each other• Deployment– Shows physical architecture of a computer-based systemConnecting with Computer Science 18Figure 12-5Use case diagram for music inventory applicationConnecting with Computer Science 19Figure 12-6Class diagram for music inventory applicationConnecting with Computer Science 20Figure 12-7Sequence diagram for music inventory applicationConnecting with Computer Science 21Step 3: Create the Data Dictionary• If a database is needed, create a data dictionary – Document describing the type of data being utilized within the program• Shows table definitions, indexes, and other data relationships• Use information from end users to summarize the current system and organize a brief plan for the new application• Review end-user reports to find tables and elementsConnecting with Computer Science 22Figure 12-8Creating a data dictionaryConnecting with Computer Science 23Step 4: Design Reports• Meet with users and let them help you design the
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