Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition Chapter 7 Knowledge Management and Specialized Information SystemsPrinciples and Learning Objectives • Knowledge management allows organizations to share knowledge and experience among their managers and employees – Discuss the differences among data, information, and knowledge – Describe the role of the chief knowledge officer (CKO) – List some of the tools and techniques used in knowledge management Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 2Principles and Learning Objectives (continued) • Artificial intelligence systems form a broad and diverse set of systems that can replicate human decision making for certain types of well-defined problems – Define the term artificial intelligence and state the objective of developing artificial intelligence systems – List the characteristics of intelligent behavior and compare the performance of natural and artificial intelligence systems for each of these characteristics – Identify the major components of the artificial intelligence field and provide one example of each type of system Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 3Principles and Learning Objectives (continued) • Expert systems can enable a novice to perform at the level of an expert but must be developed and maintained very carefully – List the characteristics and basic components of expert systems – Identify at least three factors to consider in evaluating the development of an expert system – Outline and briefly explain the steps for developing an expert system – Identify the benefits associated with the use of expert systems Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 4Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 5 Principles and Learning Objectives (continued) • Virtual reality systems can reshape the interface between people and information technology by offering new ways to communicate information, visualize processes, and express ideas creatively – Define the term virtual reality and provide three examples of virtual reality applicationsPrinciples and Learning Objectives (continued) • Specialized systems can help organizations and individuals achieve their goals – Discuss examples of specialized systems for organizational and individual use Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 6Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 7 Knowledge Management Systems • Data consists of raw facts • Information is a collection of facts • Knowledge – Awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful • Knowledge management system (KMS) – Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devicesFundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 8 Overview of Knowledge Management Systems • Explicit knowledge – Objective – Can be measured and documented in reports, papers, and rules • Tacit knowledge – Hard to measure and document – Typically not objective or formalizedFundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 9 Data and Knowledge Management Workers and Communities of Practice • Personnel involved in a KMS: – Data workers: Secretaries, administrative assistants, bookkeepers, other data-entry personnel – Knowledge workers: People who create, use, and disseminate knowledge • Communities of practice (COP) – Used to create, store, and share knowledgeObtaining, Storing, Sharing, and Using Knowledge • Knowledge repository – Stores knowledge including documents, reports, files, and databases • Knowledge workers – Use collaborative work software and group support systems to share knowledge • Knowledge map – Points knowledge worker to the needed knowledge Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 10Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 11 Obtaining, Storing, Sharing, and Using Knowledge (continued)Technology to Support Knowledge Management • Tools for capturing and using knowledge: – Data mining and business intelligence – Enterprise resource planning tools, such as SAP – Groupware • Examples of specific KM products: – IBM’s Lotus Notes, Domino – Microsoft’s Digital Dashboard, Web Store Technology, Access Workflow Designer Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 12An Overview of Artificial Intelligence • Artificial intelligence (AI) – Computers with the ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the human brain Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 13Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 14 Artificial Intelligence in Perspective • Artificial intelligence systems – People, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrate characteristics of intelligenceFundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 15 The Nature of Intelligence • Characteristics of intelligent behavior include the ability to: – Learn from experience and apply knowledge acquired from experience – Handle complex situations – Solve problems when important information is missing – Determine what is important – React quickly and correctly to a new situationThe Difference Between Natural and Artificial Intelligence • Experts have disagreed about the difference between natural and artificial intelligence • Creating machines that can reason – Possible only when we truly understand our own processes for doing so Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 16Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 17 The Difference Between Natural and Artificial Intelligence (continued)Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 18 The Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence • AI is a broad field that includes several specialty areas, such as: – Expert systems – Robotics – Vision systems – Natural language processing – Learning systems – Neural networksFundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 19 The Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence (continued)Fundamentals of Information Systems, Fifth Edition 20 Expert Systems • Hardware and software that stores knowledge and makes inferences, similar to a human expertFundamentals of Information
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