C SC 620Advanced Topics in NaturalLanguage ProcessingLecture Notes 31/22/04WordNet Browser SoftwareWordNet Browser Software• For most platforms, see the Princetonwebsite:– http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/• For MacOS X (the one I’ve been using),see:– http://wordnet.sourceforge.net/wnconnect Software• http://linguistics.arizona.edu/~sandiway/wnconnect/wnconnect Software• Does a breadth-first search to find shortest or allconnections between two words– MacOS X version uses neato (from the freely availableGraphviz package) to render graphs• TTY-interface version now available for theWindows platform– (courtesy of TszYan Sandy Chow)– Uses SWI-Prolog• Free download from www.swi-prolog.org– Usage (Prolog syntax):• ?- connect(happy,sad).Prolog as a Database QueryLanguage• Can use other tools, of course …• Prolog as a logic-based database query language:– Bust as a verb belongs to 5 different synsets, i.e. hasfive different senses:• ?- findall(S),s2(bust,v,_,S,_),L).L =[200266721,201083468,201083844,201246161,201961102]• Three of these have the same file number 35 (verb.contact):• ?-findall((S,F),(s2(bust,v,_,S,_),file(S,F)),L).• L = [(200266721,30),(201083468,35),(201083844,35),(201246161,35),(201961102,41)]Prolog as a Database QueryLanguage– The glosses corresponding to these three senses are:• ?- findall((S,G),(s2(bust,v,I,S,_),file(S,35),g(I,G)),L).• L =– [(201083468,'(go to pieces; "The lawn mowerfinally broke"; "The gears wore out";"The old chair finally fell apartcompletely")'),– (201083844,'(ruin completely; "He busted myradio!")'),– (201246161,'(separate or cause to separateabruptly; "The rope snapped"; "tearthe paper")')]– The relation common file number will conflate thesethree senses.Class Exercise• What have (specific senses) of the followingnouns in common?– Umbrella– Saucepan– Baseball bat– Carpet beater• But do not share with:– Giraffe– Pretzel– HomeworkPossible Software Project• Verb autoantonymy “Verbs that express both one meaning and anopposing meaning”– Example: dust– American Heritage Dictionary:1.To remove dust …• dust the furniture2.To apply dust …• dust the cookies with sugarAutoantonyms• Locate?– There is a website with a manually-compiledlist of autoantonyms somewhere …• Possibly, it is this page on antagonyms:– http://www-personal.umich.edu/~cellis/antagonym.htmlAntagonyms• Examples:– Buckle: to hold together (e.g. buckle your belt) vs. to fallapart (e.g., buckle under pressure) {AQ} Bull: A solemnedict or mandate vs. Nonsense or worthless information (3){M}– Chuff: Elated vs. Unhappy (hinted at in 1) {M}– Cite, Citation: For doing good (such as military gallantry) vs.for doing bad (such as from a traffic policeman) (1)– Cleave: To adhere tightly vs. To cut apart (1) {A}– Clip: to attach vs. to cut off (1) {AH}{AS}– Cool: positive sense (cool web-sites) vs. negativesense(cool reception).
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