Page 1: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. On the Ontological Basis for Logical Metonymy: Telic Roles and W ORD N ET Sandiway FongNEC Research InstitutePrinceton NJUSA [email protected] 2: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Logical Metonymy Eventive verb enjoy : Mary enjoyed the party Mary enjoyed dancing at the partyenjoy: [NP/S EVENT]cf. begin, refuse, finish,...Page 3: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Logical Metonymy Eventive verb enjoy : Mary enjoyed the sonata Page 4: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Logical Metonymy Eventive verb enjoy : Mary enjoyed the sonata (listen to/play) Mary enjoyed [ V-ing the sonata ] Mary enjoyed listening to the sonata Mary enjoyed playing the sonataPage 5: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Logical Metonymy Eventive verb enjoy : Mary enjoyed the sonata (listen to/play) Mary enjoyed [ V-ing the sonata ] Mary enjoyed listening to the sonata Mary enjoyed playing the sonata#Mary enjoyed the door Mary enjoyed [ V-ing the door ]Page 6: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Logical Metonymy Eventive verb enjoy : Mary enjoyed the sonata (listen to/play) Mary enjoyed [ V-ing the sonata ] Mary enjoyed listening to the sonata Mary enjoyed playing the sonata#Mary enjoyed the door (?? telic role) Mary enjoyed [ V-ing the door ]Page 7: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. WordNet • What is it? Synonym set ( synset ) network for nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbsSynsets connected by semantic relations ( isa , antonymy ,...)139,000 entries (word senses), 10,000 verbs (polysemy 2), 20,000 adjectives (1.5)Originally designed as a model of human semantic memory (Miller, 1985)Page 8: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. WordNet • What is it? Synonym set ( synset ) network for nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbsSynsets connected by semantic relations ( isa , antonymy ,...)139,000 entries (word senses), 10,000 verbs (polysemy 2), 20,000 adjectives (1.5)Originally designed as a model of human semantic memory (Miller, 1985)car, auto, motorcar,...motor vehicle,...conveyance, transportconvertiblejeeplimoski tow, ski lifthypernymy (isa)go-cartPage 9: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. WordNet • What is it? Synonym set ( synset ) network for nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbsSynsets connected by semantic relations ( isa , antonymy ,...)139,000 entries (word senses), 10,000 verbs (polysemy 2), 20,000 adjectives (1.5)Originally designed as a model of human semantic memory (Miller, 1985)hypernymy (isa)connect, link, tiebetter, improve, amend,...join, conjoinmend, repair, fix, doctor,...patch, piecechange, alterVerbsPage 10: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. W ORD N ET Relations Relation Description Example x HYP y y is a hypernym of x x: repair , y: improve x ENT y x entails y x: breathe , y: inhale x SIM y y is similar to x (A) x: achromatic , y: white x CS y y is a cause of x x: anesthetize , y: sleep x VGP y y is similar to x (V) x: behave , y: pretend x ANT y x and y are antonyms x: present , y: absent x SA y x, see also y x: breathe , y: breathe out x PPL y x participle of y x: applied , y: apply x PER y x pertains to y x: abaxial , y: axialPage 11: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. W ORD N ET Relations Relation Description Example x HYP y y is a hypernym of x x: repair , y: improve x ENT y x entails y x: breathe , y: inhale x SIM y y is similar to x (A) x: achromatic , y: white x CS y y is a cause of x x: anesthetize , y: sleep x VGP y y is similar to x (V) x: behave , y: pretend x ANT y x and y are antonyms x: present , y: absent x SA y x, see also y x: breathe , y: breathe out x PPL y x participle of y x: applied , y: apply x PER y x pertains to y x: abaxial , y: axialPage 12: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Hypernymy and Logical Metonymy From the literature: • (Verspoor, 1997) Summary from the BNC corpus : tell STORY eat FOOD / MEAL drink LIQUID tell STORY play MUSIC read/write WRITTEN _ OBJECTPage 13: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Hypernymy and Logical Metonymy From the literature: • (Verspoor, 1997) Summary from the BNC corpus • (Lascarides & Copestake, 1995) Inheritance hierarchyartifact: eventualityrepresent-art: perceivevisual-rep: watch literature: readfilmdictionary: refer bookPage 14: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Hypernymy and Logical Metonymy From the literature: • (Verspoor, 1997) Summary from the BNC corpus • (Lascarides & Copestake, 1995) Inheritance hierarchy • (Asher & Pustejovsky): Logic of type constructorsa) : objects with extension typically visibleb) : objects involving sound typically audiblec) all artifacts inherit a general dependent type that gives their caused) wine: e) class: psee⊗phear⊗liquidTdrink⊗peopleTteach⊗Page 15: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Hypernymy and Logical Metonymy From the literature: • (Verspoor, 1997) Summary from the BNC corpus • (Lascarides & Copestake, 1995) Inheritance hierarchy • (Asher & Pustejovsky): Logic of type constructorsBasic Idea: • Use WordNet’s concept hierarchy • Test a bunch of worked examples • Locus of telic roles should be in ontological not lexical structurePage 16: OntoLex 2002, May 27th. Begin and Enjoy Pustejovsky (1995), Lascarides & Copestake (1995) and Verspoor (1997):John began the novelThe author began his unfinished novel back in 1962Page 17: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.Begin and EnjoyPustejovsky (1995), Lascarides & Copestake (1995) and Verspoor (1997):John began the novel (reading/writing)The author began his unfinished novel back in 1962 (writing)Page 18: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.Begin and EnjoyPustejovsky (1995), Lascarides & Copestake (1995) and Verspoor (1997):John began the novel (reading/writing)The author began the unfinished novel back in 1962 (writing)novel:telic role: read (purpose/function)agentive role: writing (creation)event/non-eventive noun mismatch: coercionPage 19: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.Begin and EnjoyPustejovsky (1995), Lascarides & Copestake (1995) and Verspoor (1997):John began the novel (reading/writing)The author began the unfinished novel back in 1962 (writing)Mary enjoyed the novel (reading)!!The visitor enjoyed the door (?telic role)Mary enjoyed the garden (seeing...)Page 20: OntoLex 2002, May 27th.Multiple Telic RolesMary enjoyed the garden (seeing)Mary enjoyed inspecting the gardenMary enjoyed visiting the gardenMary enjoyed strolling through the gardenMary enjoyed rollerblading in the gardenMary enjoyed sitting in the gardenMary enjoyed dozing in the gardenPage 21: OntoLex 2002, May