PSYC 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I. Five Factor ModelII. Cluster A – odd or eccentric clusterIII. Cluster B – dramatic, emotional, erratic cluster IV. Cluster C – fearful or anxious clusterOutline of Current Lecture I. Schizoid Personality DisorderII. Schizotypal Personality DisorderIII. Antisocial Personality DisorderIV. ASPD vs. PsychopathyV. Conduct DisorderCurrent LectureCluster A: Schizoid Personality Disorder• Overview and clinical features– Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships– Very limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations (aloof, cold, indifferent)– Pursue vague interests• The causes– Etiology is unclear– Preference for social isolation resembles autism• DSM Criteria:– Detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression– Lack of desire or enjoyment of social relationshipsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.– Chooses solitary activities– No interest in sex– Lacks close friends, confidantes (except 1st degree relatives)– Indifferent to praise or criticism from others– Emotional coldness– Clinical picture:– Don’t want to be close to anyone either as a friend or romantic partner– Don’t usually care about criticism, compliments (some care about others’ opinions)– No social skills – Faces without expression– Consider self ‘observer’ not ‘participant’ in the world– Don’t share the same thinking problems that are seen in the other cluster A disorders.– (no ideas of reference)– More like the negative sx of schizophrenia than the positive sx of schizophrenia.Cause:- shyness inherited,plus- abuse and neglect in childhood- Treatment options o Few seek professional help on their owno Therapist teaches the value of interpersonal relationships and the emotions felt by others to learn empathyo social skills trainingo identify a social network- people who will be supportiveCluster A: Schizotypal Personality Disorder• Overview and clinical features– Behavior and dress is odd and unusual– Socially isolated and highly suspicious– Magical thinking, ideas of reference, and illusions– Many meet criteria for major depression– DSM criteria– Social and IP deficits marked by acute discomfort with close relationships– Cognitive, perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior– Suspiciousness– Inappropriate affect– Lack of friends– Social anxiety associated w/paranoid fears– Cognitive and perceptual distortions and eccentricities:– -incorrect interpretations of casual incidents as having special meaning for the person– -odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences – behavior and inconsistent with cultural norms– they are telepathic, clairvoyant– -odd thinking and speech– vague– overelaborate– stereotyped– dress in unusual or inappropiate ways– mumble to themselves–The causes– A phenotype of a schizophrenia genotype?– You have the genotype for schizophrenia but lack the biological illness (influenza infection) or environmental stress that produces it. Instead you have the less severe schizotypal p.d.– Schizotypal looks like a milder form of schizophrenia– More generalized brain deficits– Mild decrements in memory and learning• Treatment– 30-50% meet criteria for major depressive disorder, so tx. includes this focus.– Antipsychotic medication– Community treatment ( a team of support professionals)– Social skills training– Important to treat as it is considered a precursor to schizophreniaCLUSTER BErratic, emotional Antisocial Borderline Histrionic NarcissisticCluster B: Antisocial Personality Disorder• Overview and clinical features– Failure to comply with social norms– Violation of the rights of others– Irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful– Lack of a conscience, empathy, and remorse• Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorderSome Terms• Psychopath• Sociopath• Antisocial • CriminalAll refer to social devianceAntisocial Personality DisorderQuote from text:Social predators who charm, manipulate, and ruthlessly plow through life leaving a broad trail of broken hearts,shattered expectations, and empty wallets.DSM Criteria-18 y/o with pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others-failure to conform to social norms-deceitfulness, lying, use of aliases-conning others for pleasure or profit-impulsivity; failure to plan ahead-irritability, aggressiveness, frequent fights, assaults-reckless disregard form safety of self or others-irresponsibility withy paying bills, employmentlack of remorse at harming others-evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15-does not occur within episode of mania or schizophreniaClinical description:aggressive, taking what they wantdon’t care about anyone but themselveslie; unable to tell the difference between the lies theytell and the truth.no concern about the devastating effects of their actionsASPD vs. PsychopathyCleckley (1941/1982) identified a “psychopathic personality”Hare (2006) developed revised psychopathy checklist:1. glibness, superficial charm2. grandiose sense of self-worth3. proneness to boredom/need for stimulation4. pathological lying5. conning/manipulative6. lack of remorsePsychopathy checklist used to assess persons with suspected traits, high scores indicating psychopathy.Psychopathy not a DSM diagnosis.Focuses on personality TRAITS.DSM criteria for aspd focuses on observable behaviors.The two have similarities but do not overlap perfectlyMany psychopaths are at elevated risk for criminal and antisocial behaviors but, others have fewor no legalor criminal problems.P. 447 shows a Venn diagram of the overlap between aspd, psychopathy, and criminality.One variable that seems to protect some from legal problems is their IQHaving a higher intelligence seems to help prevent people getting into troubleSome psychopaths successful in business, politics, or entertainmentIdentifying psychopaths out of the criminal population has implications for identifying future criminal behavior.People who score higher on measures of psychopathy commit crimes at a higher rate.• Relation with conduct disorder and early behavior problems– Early histories of behavioral problems, including conduct disorder– Families with inconsistent parental