HD 204 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. Family StressII. Developmental PerspectiveIII. Life-Course PerspectiveIV. StressorsV. Stages of Life Cycle and StressOutline of Current LectureI. Families with AdolescentsII. Launching Children and MidlifeIII. Families in Later LifeIV. Family Communication and Unpredictable StressV. Family Crises and CopingVI. Resilient FamiliesVII. The Coping ProcessVIII. Hill’s ABCX Model of StressIX. What happens after a family in crisis?Current LectureI. Families with Adolescentsa. Adolescents struggling with changes related to sexuality, identity, autonomy, friendshipsb. Parent-child relationship changes:- Privacy and separation- More frequent conflict- Greater distancing from opposite- gender parentsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Transition aided by straight forward communication, attentive listening, and warmthd. Prior patterns predict relationships during adolescencee. Variation- SES- Shortened adolescence- Delayed education/ launchingII. Launching Children and Midlifea. Parent- child relationships- Shift of responsibility- Greater involvement than previous generations- Early departuresb. Partnership- Second honeymoon- Divorce also commonc. Relationships with aging parent- Sandwich generation- Parents taking care of their parents and childrend. Relationships with siblingse. Variations- Position-oriented families- Grandparents as custodial parents- Off-time vs. on time- CultureIII. Families in Later Lifea. Retirement- More problematic if husband retires first- Loss of professional identity and social networks- Men likely to depend on wivesb. Partnerships- Living apart togetherc. Health issues- Physical changes of aging- Lower self-esteem, create stress communication frustrations- Serious illnesses- Impact on marital relationshipd. Importance of communication- Reminiscing and storytelling- Economic constraintsIV. Family Communication and Unpredictable Stressa. Unpredictable Stress- Events and circumstances that disrupt life patterns and cannot be foreseen- Can be positive or negative- Can come from inside or outside family- Ambiguous loss- Physically present but psychologically absent- Psychologically present but physically absentV. Family Crises and Coping ***a. Stress becomes a crisis when a family lacks the resources to cope with what has happenedb. Coping capacity depends on:- Number of previous stressors- Degree of role change involved in coping- Social support available- Institutional support available- Economic resourcesVI. Resilient Familiesa. Have an ability to “do well in the face of adversity”b. Find opportunities to grow as they confront a crisisc. Also tend to have:- Internal strengths- Connected to community or religious organizationsVII. The Coping Processa. Coping= way that families eliminate, manage or adapt to stressb. Family stress model (Hill)- Family’s attempt to deal with stress involves several components:- Stressor (a)- Resources (b)- Definition (c) VIII. Hill’s ABCX Model of Stressa. Stressor Event (a)- Has potential to change family system- Examples:- Divorce- Suicide- Death due to AIDS/ HIV- Fired from a job- Bankruptcyb. Existing Resources (b)- Resources include:- Attitudes- Material and emotional support- Relationships- Examples: Family members, money, community workers, problem solving ability, decision making skills, previous experience- Access and use of resources influenced by cohesion and adaptabilityc. Perception of the situation (c)- The way a family interprets the stressor event- Threatening, challenging, or neutral?- Manageable or out of control?- Example:- Elderly grandmother dies after long difficult battle with cancer- Mother of two young children is killed by a drunk driverd. Outcome/ Crisis (x)- X= level of disruption and disorganization experienced by the family- Crisis has occurred when the old ways of doing things don’t work- Not always a crisisIX. What happens after a family in crisis?a. Double ABCX model (282 in textbook)- Incorporates family’s efforts to recover over time- aA  pileup Initial stressor and its hardships Normative transitions Prior strains The consequences of the system trying to cope Ambiguity- bB existing and new resources Ability to draw from existing and new resources- cC perception of x, aA, Bb Family interpretation of the crisis and adequacy of resources- Bon adaptation xX Mal adaptation  Balance of demands and resources betweeno Individual and familyo Family and community Imbalance = mal adaptation Balance = bon adaptation (bon=