Chapter 4 Classical Conditioning Applications Emotional Conditioning Wide range of emotional responses Emotions are universal Positive and negative Emotional response to stimulus reflexive Conditioned Emotional Responses CERs John Broadus Watson 1878 1958 Hard line Behaviorism Early work with sensory input and bird behavior Shifted to parenting and child behavior http www ebooks library com author cfm AuthorID 1343 Conditioning of Fear Watson Raynor 1920 Albert B Mother a wet nurse at Harriet Lane Home attached to Johns Hopkins University Albert first assessed at about 8 months Emotionally stable healthy Methods Conditioned Emotional Response A number of similar CSs elicit the same CR http youtu be FMnhyGozLyE Click the picture to see video Counter Conditioning Systematic Desensitization Relaxation techniques Gradual introduction of phobic stimulus Imagination up to real situation Flooding Flood patient with exposure to fearinducing stimulus Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy VRET http youtu be 2GeW45OytuA http youtu be hjyRu1e Jmo Click on pictures to play video http www vrphobia com spiders htm Conditioned Suppression prej u dice pr d d s prej uh dis noun 1 an unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge thought or reason 2 any preconceived opinion or feeling either favorable or unfavorable 3 unreasonable feelings opinions or attitudes especially of a hostile nature regarding a racial religious or national group 4 such attitudes considered collectively The war against prejudice is neverending 5 damage or injury detriment a law that operated to the prejudice of the majority http dictionary reference com browse prejudice Are you prejudice http www thedailyshow com watch wed september 5 2012 hope and change 2 the party of inclusion Association Negative images words impressions paired with identifiable group Media coverage Political speeches Prejudice Staats Staats 1958 Subjects rate nationalities Paired positive negative neutral words with nationalities Found that the nationalities paired with negative words lead to lower ratings of those nationalities Figure 4 2 Advertising First Order Classical Conditioning in Ads Advertisers pair their product with items that arouse positive emotions http www youtube com watch feature player embedded v RGgosT v5sw Can you identify the US UR CS CR in these two examples http www youtube com watch v S2nBBMbjS8w feature player embedded Second Order Classical Conditioning Example http youtu be UwXO22U8jEs Paraphilia Paraphilia Masochism Counter Conditioning Pair undesired CS inappropriate arousal with strongly aversive US nausea noxious smell Aversion therapy Not as effective with some forms of paraphilia e g pedophilia Taste Aversion Taste Aversion Long delay or trace conditioning US is sensation of nausea UR is vomiting or nausea induced pain CS is novel food flavor CR is disgust Learning and Behavior Sixth Edition by Paul Chance Immune Function Allergic Reaction Examples Pollen and artificial flowers US UR CS Do you have any examples CR Russell et al 1984 Expose guinea pigs to BSA Becomes allergen US for histamine release Pair BSA with odour of fish or sulphur CSs Expose guinea pigs to odours and get increased histamines CR in bloodstream Preparatory value of classical conditioning Drug Overdose Deaths Overdose Setting paired with drug repeatedly Setting becomes CS for reduced response to the drug Preparatory response idea accounts for the phenomenon of drug tolerance Overdose can be attributed to this phenomenon