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UNCW PSY 217 - Chance CH03 Respondent Conditioning

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Slide 1Ivan PavlovUnconditioned ReflexesConditioningExample: Tap and BlinkExample of Conditioned ResponseRespondent ConditioningMeasuring ConditioningSlide 9Higher Order ConditioningPairing of CS and USPairing of CS and USFactors Influencing Classical ConditioningContingency between CS and USContiguity between CS and USThe Number of PairingsNumber of CS-US PairingsPrior Exposure to the CSPhysical Characteristics of the US and CSCompound StimuliOvershadowingBlockingSensory PreconditioingSlide 24Respondent ExtinctionSpontaneous RecoveryRelearning/Reacquisition EffectPutting it TogetherSlide 29Stimulus-Substitution TheoryExample: Sign TrackingProblems with SSTRescorla-Wagner EquationChapter 3 Pavlovian Conditioning[Classical Conditioning or Respondent Conditioning]Ivan Pavlovhttp://youtu.be/yRLfRRNoZzITo see original footage of Pavlov and his experiments follow http://youtu.be/hhqumfpxuzIen.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ivan_Pavlov_(Nobel).png•Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning•Conditioned reflexes(1849-1936)•Medical physiologist•DigestionUnconditioned ReflexesUS•Unconditioned Stimulus•Stimulus that elicits the innate reflex•Camera flashUS•Unconditioned Stimulus•Stimulus that elicits the innate reflex•Camera flashUR•Unconditioned Response•Reflex action that occurs in response to the US•blinkUR•Unconditioned Response•Reflex action that occurs in response to the US•blinkELICITSConditioningProcess: US ----> URNeutral stimulus (NS) paired with USNeutral StimulusPencil tapNeutral StimulusPencil tapUSCamera FlashUSCamera FlashURBlinkURBlinkCSConditioned StimulusPencil TapCSConditioned StimulusPencil TapCRConditioned ResponseBlinkCRConditioned ResponseBlinkOutcome: CS ------> CRAfter pairing with the US, the NS becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that now elicits a conditioned response (CR)ElicitsElicitsExample: Tap and BlinkCSUSURCRLater TrialsCSUSURFirst Few TrialsTimeCS = tappingUS = flashUR = blinkCR = blinkExample of Conditioned Responsehttp://www.tbs.com/video/index.jsp?oid=175650Click the picture to view a clip of Jim from The Office conditioning Dwight with an Altoid.Respondent ConditioningMeasuring Conditioning•If CS & US are close together, then CR & UR can overlap•If CS & US are close together, then CR & UR can overlapDifficulties measuringDifficulties measuring•Give CS alone•Give CS aloneTest trial (probe trial)Test trial (probe trial)•Does the time between the presentation of the CS and appearance of CR decrease?•Does the time between the presentation of the CS and appearance of CR decrease?LatencyLatency•Does CR intensity increase with experience?•Does CR intensity increase with experience?IntensityIntensity•Think about what is happening in each example and identify the US, CS, UR, and CR.1. A child always has his teddy bear with him when his parent tuck him in. When his parents are away, the teddy bear comforts him.2. A song continues to evoke excitement in a woman who heard the song during their first kiss with a person to whom she was strongly attracted.3. A stuntman is seriously injured while doing a stunt on a motorcycle. thereafter he is uneasy around motorcycles.4. As a child you watched your mother make fudge. During these experiences she was always smiling and affectionate, and the two of you laughed as you ate the batter left in the mixing bowl. Years later you enter a candy store where fudge is being made, and you suddenly you find yourself feeling warm and happy.5. A cyclist was attached by a a dog while riding down a country road. On subsequent trips down that road, the cyclist's heart pumps extra fast and he experiences heightened anxiety.Higher Order Conditioning Process: CS1 ----------> CRA neutral stimulus paired with CS1Outcome: CS2 ---------> CRA neutral stimulus becomes a CS when paired with another CSPairing of CS and US11Backward conditioning the US is presented before the CS. It is least effectiveTrace conditioning NS/CS is presented slightly before the US.Delay conditioning CS presented then the US is presented before the CS endsSimultaneous conditioning the CS and US are presented at the same timeNeutral StimulusTrace ConditioningDelay ConditioningSimultaneous conditioningBackward ConditioningPairing of CS and US11FactorsfiveConditi onin gCLASSICALclassicalfactors5Factors Influencing Classical ConditioningContingency between CS and US11Consistent pairing of the NS and US is more likely to result in a conditioned response.Consistent pairing of the NS and US is more likely to result in a conditioned response.If –then situation.If –then situation.Greater contingency = greater learningGreater contingency = greater learningContiguity between CS and US22Type of conditioning will influence the effectiveness of the contiguityType of conditioning will influence the effectiveness of the contiguityCloseness in time or space between two event.Closeness in time or space between two event.Greater contiguity = greater learningGreater contiguity = greater learningThe Number of Pairings33Number of CS-US Pairings•Acquisition curve•Non-linearConditioning TrialsCR StrengthPrior Exposure to the CS44Being exposed to the neutral stimulus without the US can make it more difficult for that NS to become a CSHaving heard a bell ding several times prior to pairing it with the lemon will make it more difficult for the bell to become a CS for the mouth wateringNovel stimuli are more effective as a CSNovel stimuli are more effective as a CSLatent InhibitionLatent InhibitionPhysical Characteristics of the US and CS55Intensity is a chief characteristic of the stimulus, must be just rightIntensity is a chief characteristic of the stimulus, must be just rightThe US and CS should both act as internal stimulation or external stimulationThe US and CS should both act as internal stimulation or external stimulationCompound StimuliProcess: CS1 +CS2 ----> CR2 neutral stimuli paired with USOutcome: Compound Stimulus ---> CROne stimulus may be more effective than the otherOvershadowingEstablish the relationshipTest shows conditioningTest shows no conditioningBlockingEstablished Paired TestedSensory Preconditioing1. Repeatedly pair 2 NS2. Pair NS1 with US 3. NS2 becomes CS2Extinction of CRRespondent Extinction •The CS will no longer elicit a CRMouth watersMouth watersMouth stops watering•Present the CS repeatedly without the US•A response is


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UNCW PSY 217 - Chance CH03 Respondent Conditioning

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