Total = 22 slides1Sociology 201:Social Research Design6. The Nature of CausationTotal = 22 slides2Preview•Review Chapter 3 homework•Last of the “philosophical” classes•Discuss Criteria for Causation•Examine Determinism at lengthTotal = 22 slides3Review Workbook assignments - 3••Range is from 0 to 25•Important: read the instructions and consider following them•Important: no joint ventures. Do your own work.Total = 22 slides4Criteria of causation•Time order•Correlation•Not spurious–Genuine relationship–Not caused by some other variableTotal = 22 slides5Examples of Spuriousness•Storks and birthrates•Fire trucks and damage done•Mules and number of PhDs•Eating ice cream and drowning•Shoe size and mathematics abilityTotal = 22 slides6Let’s examine relationship between rationality, determinism, and freedom•Social science assumes determinism. – Can be problematic if you don't recognize that.•Note: social scientists don't say you have no freedom. –Just assume it as a working model.Total = 22 slides7Question is: "Have you ever done anything of your own free will?•Anything you weren't determined to do?" •I'll take the position that you never have.Total = 22 slides8Anatomy of Determinism •Why did you do it?• Can you see that anyone will all those reasons would have done the same?•You are very reasonable and your reasonableness would seem to deny the possibility of freedom.•Does rationality equal determinism?Total = 22 slides9Worse news•Reasons have reasons.• •The implication is that what you are now was all determined from the past.Total = 22 slides10Worse yet•Whether you graduate is determined•If and who you will marry is determined•The time and circumstances of your death are already determined.• It continues into the future.• Your grade in this course is determinedTotal = 22 slides11Remember: I'm not saying this is true. •But I don't know how to reason you out of it. •Your reasons got you into it and they can't get you out.Total = 22 slides12Why is this uncomfortable?•1. Experience of freedom.•2. Can't take credit.•3. How would you change if you accepted the view that you were totally controlled by events and circumstances beyond your control?Total = 22 slides13Consider this continuum•DeterminismFree willTotal = 22 slides14Rationality is a very useful paradigm, •. . .but it is only a paradigm. • Who you really are would seem to be something outside of rationality.Total = 22 slides15Preview Workbook Exercises - 4Total = 22 slides164.2 Four time frames for study•Cross-section•Longitudinal – Trend– Panel – CohortTotal = 22 slides17Next Time•Research Design I••Read Chapter