Test I Study GuideNsg 250: Introduction to Health AssessmentFall 2012Chapters 1, 2 & 3:1. Review the use of critical thinking in diagnostic reasoning and clinical judgment2. Differentiate between a novice and expert practitioner3. Review the basic characteristics of culture, cultural competence, cultural sensitivity and cultural assessment4. Know the importance of being able to provide culturally sensitive care to patients and recognizing any cultural biases of your own5. Know what the best approach would be for overcoming language barriers with patients6. Know the importance of asking another health care provider to validate assessment findings that you are unsure about, such as unfamiliar breath sounds7. Know the difference between subjective and objective data8. Review the first, second and third-levels of priorities 9. Be able to determine the priority of given interventions based on patient’s subjective report of symptoms10. Review the different types of data bases (complete, focused or episodic and emergency) and the situations that call for each type11. Know how the nurse should proceed with data collection in a situation when the patient presents to the Emergency Departmentwith multiple traumas 12. Review the importance in an emergency situation to assess history questions while performing the examination and initiating lifesaving measures13. Know that physical development occurs in a cephalocaudal direction (head-to-toe)14. Be aware that the assessment of an aging adult may take more time than a younger person. It may take the aging adult a little longer to respond but general knowledge and mental abilities should not have declined in the absence of dementia15. Know the standards of practice in nursing (nursing process) and the six phases.16. Understand the difference between sympathy and empathy.17. Be aware of communication techniques and the use in the interview.18. List the techniques in interviewing across the life span.Chapter 8:1. Review the techniques of physical assessment: inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation2. Know the importance of handwashing and when you need to washyour hands when assessing a patient3. Know the importance of sharing information with the patient during the physical examination 4. Review age considerations in performing a physical examination (including the sequence of the assessment based on age and that older adults require more time and less position changes)5. Know the importance of examining body areas relevant to a significant health problem, such as chest pains or extreme shortness of breath, and then completing the assessment after the problem has resolved6. Review age considerations when interviewing clients: young children, adolescents, the elderly, the ill.Chapters 9:1. Name the information included in the general survey of an assessment2. What are developmental considerations in relation to a general survey and the assessment of vital signs3. Review the normal parameters for temperature, pulse, respirations and blood pressure 4. Know the best techniques for palpating body temperature, respirations and heart rate5. Know how temperature readings can vary according to measurement technique (rectal vs. oral vs. axillary)6. Know what factors (both physical and environmental) that can affect a patient’s temperature7. Identify various changes in vital signs that occur with aging.8. Know what other physical findings may be present in a febrile situation9. Review the techniques of assessing temperature (oral, axillary, tympanic, rectal and skin temperature using the dorsal surface of the hand). Know when it would be appropriate or inappropriate touse each technique.10.What consequences may result when using the wrong size blood pressure cuff on a patient?11.What is the recommended technique for assessing blood pressure? 12.What is orthostatic blood pressure? How do you measure this?13.Know the importance of recognizing the auscultatory gap (if present) when assessing blood pressure14.Know the differences in sound with using the diaphragm vs. the bell of the stethoscope15.Know when you would use a Doppler device to check for pulsations and what you would be listening forChapters 5 & 23: Mental Status and Neurological AssessmentReview the following from the text and class lecture:1. Components of a mental status exam: A (appearance), B (behavior), C (cognition) and T (thought processes)2. Aging developments and mental status3. Terminology: peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar function, muscle tone, cranial nerves, deep tendon reflexes, tactile discrimination, kinesthesia, stereognosis, graphesia, “reinforcement” used in testing reflexes4. Review the terminology used in assessing consciousness: alert, lethargic, obtunded, stuporous and comatose5. Aphasia and the various types: Expressive versus receptive aphasia; global aphasia; 6. Effects of Parkinson’s disease on speech7. Reflex tests and normal responses to each: biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, patellar, Achilles reflex and plantar (abnormal adult response to plantar: Babinski)8. Common pediatric reflex tests: Moro, rooting, palmar grasp, Babinski, tonic neck reflex and stepping reflex9. The significance of a change in the level of consciousness10. Terminology and level of consciousness: lethargic, obtunded, stuporous, coma11. Characteristic symptoms: dementia versus delirium; schizaphrenia12. Abnormalities of perception: hallucination versus illusion13. Abnormalities of thought content: phobia, obsession, compulsion, delusions and hypochondriasis14. Glascow Coma Scale categories and the significance of thescores 15. Know the components of a complete neurological examination and an abbreviated one. In what situation what the nurse use these? 16. Means in which to assess recent memory, remote memory and memory to learn new information17. Techniques used to assess cerebellar function (i.e. Romberg Test) and sensory and motor functions in various regions of the body18. Review documentation for neurological assessment19. Cranial nerve assessmentsChapters 19 & 20:1. Review the landmarks used in a cardiac assessment (points of auscultation).2. Review the techniques of assessing the heart and the correct use of the stethoscope.3. Review the landmarks for auscultation (where specific sounds would be heard on the chest wall) and where the S1 and S2 heart sounds would be louder4. Review the technique of assessing for jugular vein distention and its